Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid

CK45 steel has various industrial uses due to its durability, wear resistance and strength. It is generally used in machinery, automotive industry, hydraulic cylinders, bearings, gears and similar applications. It is important to investigate the machinability properties of CK45 steel, which is frequ...

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Main Authors: Emine Şap, Üsame Ali Usca, Ünal Değirmenci, Serhat Şap, Mahir Uzun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Metals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/36
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author Emine Şap
Üsame Ali Usca
Ünal Değirmenci
Serhat Şap
Mahir Uzun
author_facet Emine Şap
Üsame Ali Usca
Ünal Değirmenci
Serhat Şap
Mahir Uzun
author_sort Emine Şap
collection DOAJ
description CK45 steel has various industrial uses due to its durability, wear resistance and strength. It is generally used in machinery, automotive industry, hydraulic cylinders, bearings, gears and similar applications. It is important to investigate the machinability properties of CK45 steel, which is frequently used in the manufacturing industry, in different cooling/lubrication environments. This study focused on the effects of a synthetic-based nanofluid cooling strategy and different cutting parameters during the milling of CK45 steel. Additionally, Taguchi analysis was performed to reduce the number of experiments and costs. Sustainable cooling/lubrication techniques were used during milling. A three-axis computer-controlled machine was used for the milling process. According to the findings, flank wear, surface roughness, and energy consumption were reduced by machining in the nanofluid environment. It was observed that Cu nanoparticles added into the nanofluid increased the machinability properties. Furthermore, statistical analysis was employed to ascertain the predominant control variables influencing the response parameters. Machinability efficiency can be increased by using nanoparticulate fluids as a coolant during milling. In addition, costs can be reduced by identifying the most effective factors in the experiment through statistical analysis.
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spelling doaj-art-cf817aa3ef114e97a63c5b267a1d26b12025-01-24T13:41:28ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-01-011513610.3390/met15010036Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting FluidEmine Şap0Üsame Ali Usca1Ünal Değirmenci2Serhat Şap3Mahir Uzun4Department of Electronics and Automation, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Akşehir Engineering and Architecture, Selçuk University, Akşehir 42550, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İnönü University, Malatya 44000, TurkeyDepartment of Electricity and Energy, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İnönü University, Malatya 44000, TurkeyCK45 steel has various industrial uses due to its durability, wear resistance and strength. It is generally used in machinery, automotive industry, hydraulic cylinders, bearings, gears and similar applications. It is important to investigate the machinability properties of CK45 steel, which is frequently used in the manufacturing industry, in different cooling/lubrication environments. This study focused on the effects of a synthetic-based nanofluid cooling strategy and different cutting parameters during the milling of CK45 steel. Additionally, Taguchi analysis was performed to reduce the number of experiments and costs. Sustainable cooling/lubrication techniques were used during milling. A three-axis computer-controlled machine was used for the milling process. According to the findings, flank wear, surface roughness, and energy consumption were reduced by machining in the nanofluid environment. It was observed that Cu nanoparticles added into the nanofluid increased the machinability properties. Furthermore, statistical analysis was employed to ascertain the predominant control variables influencing the response parameters. Machinability efficiency can be increased by using nanoparticulate fluids as a coolant during milling. In addition, costs can be reduced by identifying the most effective factors in the experiment through statistical analysis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/36CK45 steelmillingMQLsynthetic-based nanofluidTaguchi analysis
spellingShingle Emine Şap
Üsame Ali Usca
Ünal Değirmenci
Serhat Şap
Mahir Uzun
Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid
Metals
CK45 steel
milling
MQL
synthetic-based nanofluid
Taguchi analysis
title Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid
title_full Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid
title_fullStr Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid
title_short Evaluation of Machinability and Energy Consumption of CK45 Steel Using Synthetic-Based Nanofluid and Minimum Quantity Lubrication Cutting Fluid
title_sort evaluation of machinability and energy consumption of ck45 steel using synthetic based nanofluid and minimum quantity lubrication cutting fluid
topic CK45 steel
milling
MQL
synthetic-based nanofluid
Taguchi analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/1/36
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