Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users

Abstract Background A surrogate marker (a substitute indicator of the true outcome) is needed to predict subgroups of long-term lithium users at risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this narrative review the aim is to determine the optimal surrogate endpoint for ESKD in long-term lithium user...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M. J. van der Aa, A. A. Bonenkamp, U. M. H. Klumpers, R. W. Kupka, T. Nijenhuis, A. P. M. Kerckhoffs
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-024-00368-1
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