Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements
High-emitting vehicles comprise a small proportion (<20%) of the vehicle fleet, yet are responsible for the majority (>50%) of vehicle emissions. Plume Chasing is a reliable, high-precision measurement technique that derives emissions without interfering with the vehicle being tested. Its char...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Environment: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162125000073 |
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| author | Christina Schmidt C. David Carslaw J. Naomi Farren N. René Gijlswijk Markus Knoll E. Norbert Ligterink Jan Pieter Lollinga Martin Pechout Stefan Schmitt Michal Vojtíšek Quinn Vroom Denis Pöhler |
| author_facet | Christina Schmidt C. David Carslaw J. Naomi Farren N. René Gijlswijk Markus Knoll E. Norbert Ligterink Jan Pieter Lollinga Martin Pechout Stefan Schmitt Michal Vojtíšek Quinn Vroom Denis Pöhler |
| author_sort | Christina Schmidt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-emitting vehicles comprise a small proportion (<20%) of the vehicle fleet, yet are responsible for the majority (>50%) of vehicle emissions. Plume Chasing is a reliable, high-precision measurement technique that derives emissions without interfering with the vehicle being tested. Its characteristics make it well suited for high emitter identification. In this study, the influence of several Plume Chasing measurement and data processing methods on the results of derived on-road NOx and particle fuel-specific emission factors are investigated. A range of vehicles, representative of a common vehicle fleet, were tested under different driving conditions on a test track. The derived results were evaluated against on-board SEMS (Smart Emission Measurement System) emission measurements. We found that one of the best performing Plume Chasing data processing methods is based on the use of a rolling minimum for background determination. The average absolute deviation of the determined NOx/CO2 emission ratios from the reference was −0.2(46)ppm/% for the heavy duty vehicle and 0.3(29)ppm/% for the light duty vehicles tested. The methods were easy to automate and suitable for high emitter detection and quantification of emissions from two-wheeled vehicles. Inaccurate emission factors derived from Plume Chasing measurements occurred only in situations when emissions were significantly influenced by a strong plume from vehicles driving directly ahead of the vehicle of interest. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fcd223fa17154c049dc49f4a141c6cfa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1621 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Environment: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-fcd223fa17154c049dc49f4a141c6cfa2025-02-06T05:12:44ZengElsevierAtmospheric Environment: X2590-16212025-01-0125100317Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurementsChristina Schmidt0C. David Carslaw1J. Naomi Farren2N. René Gijlswijk3Markus Knoll4E. Norbert Ligterink5Jan Pieter Lollinga6Martin Pechout7Stefan Schmitt8Michal Vojtíšek9Quinn Vroom10Denis Pöhler11Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, INF 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; Airyx GmbH, Hans-Bunte-Straße 4, Heidelberg, 69123, Germany; Corresponding author at: Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, INF 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United KingdomWolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United KingdomDepartment of Sustainable Transport and Logistics, TNO, Anna van Buerenplein 1, The Hague, 2595, The NetherlandsInstitute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 33/I, Graz, 8010, AustriaDepartment of Sustainable Transport and Logistics, TNO, Anna van Buerenplein 1, The Hague, 2595, The NetherlandsDepartment of Environmental Modelling, Sensing & Analysis, TNO, Utrecht, 3584, The NetherlandsDepartment of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 21, Czech RepublicInstitute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, INF 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; Airyx GmbH, Hans-Bunte-Straße 4, Heidelberg, 69123, GermanyDepartment of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Praha-Suchdol, 165 21, Czech Republic; Department of Automotive, Combustion Engine and Railway Engineering, Czech Technical University of Prague, Technicka 4, Prague, 166 07, Czech RepublicDepartment of Sustainable Transport and Logistics, TNO, Anna van Buerenplein 1, The Hague, 2595, The NetherlandsInstitute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, INF 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; Airyx GmbH, Hans-Bunte-Straße 4, Heidelberg, 69123, GermanyHigh-emitting vehicles comprise a small proportion (<20%) of the vehicle fleet, yet are responsible for the majority (>50%) of vehicle emissions. Plume Chasing is a reliable, high-precision measurement technique that derives emissions without interfering with the vehicle being tested. Its characteristics make it well suited for high emitter identification. In this study, the influence of several Plume Chasing measurement and data processing methods on the results of derived on-road NOx and particle fuel-specific emission factors are investigated. A range of vehicles, representative of a common vehicle fleet, were tested under different driving conditions on a test track. The derived results were evaluated against on-board SEMS (Smart Emission Measurement System) emission measurements. We found that one of the best performing Plume Chasing data processing methods is based on the use of a rolling minimum for background determination. The average absolute deviation of the determined NOx/CO2 emission ratios from the reference was −0.2(46)ppm/% for the heavy duty vehicle and 0.3(29)ppm/% for the light duty vehicles tested. The methods were easy to automate and suitable for high emitter detection and quantification of emissions from two-wheeled vehicles. Inaccurate emission factors derived from Plume Chasing measurements occurred only in situations when emissions were significantly influenced by a strong plume from vehicles driving directly ahead of the vehicle of interest.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162125000073Plume ChasingRemote emission sensingReal-world vehicle emissionsHigh-emitter identificationInterfering emission sourcesNOx and PM measurements |
| spellingShingle | Christina Schmidt C. David Carslaw J. Naomi Farren N. René Gijlswijk Markus Knoll E. Norbert Ligterink Jan Pieter Lollinga Martin Pechout Stefan Schmitt Michal Vojtíšek Quinn Vroom Denis Pöhler Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements Atmospheric Environment: X Plume Chasing Remote emission sensing Real-world vehicle emissions High-emitter identification Interfering emission sources NOx and PM measurements |
| title | Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements |
| title_full | Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements |
| title_fullStr | Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements |
| title_short | Optimisation and validation of Plume Chasing for robust and automated NOx and particle vehicle emission measurements |
| title_sort | optimisation and validation of plume chasing for robust and automated nox and particle vehicle emission measurements |
| topic | Plume Chasing Remote emission sensing Real-world vehicle emissions High-emitter identification Interfering emission sources NOx and PM measurements |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590162125000073 |
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