Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020
IntroductionDepression is a major global mental health challenge. Previous research suggests a link between magnesium consumption and depression, but the dose–response relationship remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among Am...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1484344/full |
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| author | Yanping Huang Su Ruan Yang Yang Hui Liang Su Chen Qing Chang |
| author_facet | Yanping Huang Su Ruan Yang Yang Hui Liang Su Chen Qing Chang |
| author_sort | Yanping Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionDepression is a major global mental health challenge. Previous research suggests a link between magnesium consumption and depression, but the dose–response relationship remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among American adults.MethodsData from the 2005–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined. Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and dietary magnesium consumption was calculated from two 24-h meal recalls. We used restricted cubic spline models, logistic regression, and sensitivity analyses to assess the connection.ResultsAmong 35,252 participants (mean age: 49.5 ± 17.6 years; 49.9% women), we observed a nonlinearity in the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression. Below the inflection point (366.7 mg/day), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997–0.999, p < 0.001). Above this point, the OR was 1.001 (95% CI: 1.000–1.002, p = 0.007). In participants aged ≥60 years, the association was inverse L-shaped, with magnesium intake ≥270.7 mg/day increasing depression incidence by 0.1% per 1 mg/d increase.ConclusionA nonlinear dose–response relationship exists between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among US adults. Age significantly moderates this association, suggesting dietary recommendations should be tailored to different age groups. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa4c96f1f8f34f68a4c499343d2293d9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa4c96f1f8f34f68a4c499343d2293d92025-02-06T05:21:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-02-011210.3389/fnut.2025.14843441484344Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020Yanping HuangSu RuanYang YangHui LiangSu ChenQing ChangIntroductionDepression is a major global mental health challenge. Previous research suggests a link between magnesium consumption and depression, but the dose–response relationship remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among American adults.MethodsData from the 2005–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined. Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and dietary magnesium consumption was calculated from two 24-h meal recalls. We used restricted cubic spline models, logistic regression, and sensitivity analyses to assess the connection.ResultsAmong 35,252 participants (mean age: 49.5 ± 17.6 years; 49.9% women), we observed a nonlinearity in the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression. Below the inflection point (366.7 mg/day), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997–0.999, p < 0.001). Above this point, the OR was 1.001 (95% CI: 1.000–1.002, p = 0.007). In participants aged ≥60 years, the association was inverse L-shaped, with magnesium intake ≥270.7 mg/day increasing depression incidence by 0.1% per 1 mg/d increase.ConclusionA nonlinear dose–response relationship exists between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among US adults. Age significantly moderates this association, suggesting dietary recommendations should be tailored to different age groups.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1484344/fulldepressionmagnesiummental healthcross-sectional studynonlinear |
| spellingShingle | Yanping Huang Su Ruan Yang Yang Hui Liang Su Chen Qing Chang Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020 Frontiers in Nutrition depression magnesium mental health cross-sectional study nonlinear |
| title | Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020 |
| title_full | Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020 |
| title_fullStr | Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020 |
| title_short | Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2020 |
| title_sort | impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in american adults a cross sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey 2005 2020 |
| topic | depression magnesium mental health cross-sectional study nonlinear |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1484344/full |
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