Comparative physiological and immunological impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed water supplements on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): effects on disease resistance and health parameters

Abstract This study evaluated the differential effects of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed powders (0.8 g/L) as water supplements on the physiological and immunological responses of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) over six weeks. Leaf supplementation enhanced growth performance (final weight: 120...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Howyda G. Gaber, Nehal A. Younis, Sohair Y. Saleh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04717-9
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