Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature

Formation of hard scale, predominantly calcium sulfate, is the limiting factor in the operation of multi-stage flash (MSF) thermal desalination of seawater, restricting the top temperature and top brine concentration that can be achieved. More accurate prediction of the solubility product of calcium...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ali Al-Hamzah, Caillan J. Fellows, Christopher M. Fellows
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424004821
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