Blueprint for Constructing an AI-Based Patient Simulation to Enhance the Integration of Foundational and Clinical Sciences in Didactic Immunology in a US Doctor of Pharmacy Program: A Step-by-Step Prompt Engineering and Coding Toolkit

While pharmacy education successfully employs various methodologies including case-based learning and simulated patient interactions, providing consistent, individualized guidance at scale remains challenging in team-based learning environments. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solution...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ashim Malhotra, Micah Buller, Kunal Modi, Karim Pajazetovic, Dayanjan S. Wijesinghe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Pharmacy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4787/13/2/36
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Summary:While pharmacy education successfully employs various methodologies including case-based learning and simulated patient interactions, providing consistent, individualized guidance at scale remains challenging in team-based learning environments. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential solutions through automated facilitation, but its possible utility in pharmacy education remains unexplored. We developed and evaluated an AI-guided patient case discussion simulation to enhance learners’ ability to integrate foundational science knowledge with clinical decision-making in a didactic immunology course in a US PharmD program. We utilized a large language model programmed with specific educational protocols and rubrics. Here, we present the step-by-step prompt engineering protocol as a toolkit. The system was structured around three core components in an immunology team-based learning activity: (1) symptomatology analysis, (2) laboratory test interpretation, and (3) pharmacist role definition and PPCP. Performance evaluation was conducted using a comprehensive rubric assessing multiple clinical reasoning and pharmaceutical knowledge domains. The standardized evaluation rubric showed reliable assessment across key competencies including condition identification (30% weighting), laboratory test interpretation (40% weighting), and pharmacist role understanding (30% weighting). Our AI patient simulator offers a scalable solution for standardizing clinical case discussions while maintaining individualized learning experiences.
ISSN:2226-4787