Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study
Abstract Introduction To evaluate the bacterial biofilm, smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model. Methods Seventy-five dentin discs were prepared from fifty-four extracted teeth. Seventy-five artificial root soc...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05463-y |
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| author | He Liu Xi Wang Zhejun Wang Ya Shen |
| author_facet | He Liu Xi Wang Zhejun Wang Ya Shen |
| author_sort | He Liu |
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| description | Abstract Introduction To evaluate the bacterial biofilm, smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model. Methods Seventy-five dentin discs were prepared from fifty-four extracted teeth. Seventy-five artificial root sockets were prepared. Sixty dentin discs were used to grow 3-week-old bacterial biofilms, while smear layer and debris were produced on fifteen dentin discs. These dentin discs were adhered to the middle third of the artificial root canals. The sixty ex vivo models with biofilm-covered dentin discs were divided into six groups: control, needle with physiological saline, ultrasonic with physiological saline, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, needle with 3% NaOCl, and ultrasonic with 3% NaOCl. Biofilm removal efficacy was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fifteen ex vivo models with smear layer and debris-covered dentin discs were divided into three groups: control, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, and 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. Smear layer and debris removal efficacy was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance for comparisons involving more than two groups. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Tukey test. Results OdneTMClean with physiological saline (98%) performed significantly better than needle irrigation (47%) or ultrasonic activation (54%) with physiological saline (P < 0.05). OdneTMClean with physiological saline removed biofilms as effectively as needle irrigation (97%) or ultrasonic activation (98%) with 3% NaOCl (P > 0.05). Additionally, 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.33) removed the smear layer significantly better than OdneTMClean with physiological saline (score: 4.47) (P < 0.05). However, OdneTMClean with physiological saline (score: 1.27) removed debris as effectively as 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.13) (P > 0.05). Conclusions OdneTMClean with physiological saline can effectively remove bacterial biofilm and debris from the dentin surface but cannot effectively remove the smear layer. Utilizing OdneTMClean during the final irrigation may enhance root canal cleaning efficacy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-eecfac52a8c14377b909c6de03193a7b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-eecfac52a8c14377b909c6de03193a7b2025-01-19T12:41:11ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-01-0125111110.1186/s12903-025-05463-yEvaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM studyHe Liu0Xi Wang1Zhejun Wang2Ya Shen3Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDivision of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British ColumbiaDivision of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British ColumbiaAbstract Introduction To evaluate the bacterial biofilm, smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model. Methods Seventy-five dentin discs were prepared from fifty-four extracted teeth. Seventy-five artificial root sockets were prepared. Sixty dentin discs were used to grow 3-week-old bacterial biofilms, while smear layer and debris were produced on fifteen dentin discs. These dentin discs were adhered to the middle third of the artificial root canals. The sixty ex vivo models with biofilm-covered dentin discs were divided into six groups: control, needle with physiological saline, ultrasonic with physiological saline, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, needle with 3% NaOCl, and ultrasonic with 3% NaOCl. Biofilm removal efficacy was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fifteen ex vivo models with smear layer and debris-covered dentin discs were divided into three groups: control, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, and 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. Smear layer and debris removal efficacy was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance for comparisons involving more than two groups. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Tukey test. Results OdneTMClean with physiological saline (98%) performed significantly better than needle irrigation (47%) or ultrasonic activation (54%) with physiological saline (P < 0.05). OdneTMClean with physiological saline removed biofilms as effectively as needle irrigation (97%) or ultrasonic activation (98%) with 3% NaOCl (P > 0.05). Additionally, 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.33) removed the smear layer significantly better than OdneTMClean with physiological saline (score: 4.47) (P < 0.05). However, OdneTMClean with physiological saline (score: 1.27) removed debris as effectively as 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.13) (P > 0.05). Conclusions OdneTMClean with physiological saline can effectively remove bacterial biofilm and debris from the dentin surface but cannot effectively remove the smear layer. Utilizing OdneTMClean during the final irrigation may enhance root canal cleaning efficacy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05463-yBiofilmConfocal laser scanning microscopyDebrisOdneTMCleanPhysiological salineScanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | He Liu Xi Wang Zhejun Wang Ya Shen Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study BMC Oral Health Biofilm Confocal laser scanning microscopy Debris OdneTMClean Physiological saline Scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study |
| title_full | Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study |
| title_short | Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study |
| title_sort | evaluation of bacterial biofilm smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model a clsm and sem study |
| topic | Biofilm Confocal laser scanning microscopy Debris OdneTMClean Physiological saline Scanning electron microscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05463-y |
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