Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review
ABSTRACT Introduction Early repolarization (ER) is an electrocardiographic pattern characterized by J‐point and ST‐segment elevation, frequently observed in athletes. Initially deemed benign, recent studies suggest a possible association between ER and increased risks of cardiac arrhythmias and sudd...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.70032 |
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| author | Khaled Elenizi |
| author_facet | Khaled Elenizi |
| author_sort | Khaled Elenizi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Introduction Early repolarization (ER) is an electrocardiographic pattern characterized by J‐point and ST‐segment elevation, frequently observed in athletes. Initially deemed benign, recent studies suggest a possible association between ER and increased risks of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, necessitating a thorough examination of its clinical implications in athletes. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases, focusing on articles related to ER in athletes. Search terms included “early repolarization,” and relevant studies were selected based on their focus on athletic populations. A total of 22 articles were included for detailed analysis. Results The review encompassed 22 studies with a combined total of 44,326 athletes, revealing an overall mean ER prevalence of 31.6 ± 17.6 (p < 0.001). Most common location in the inferolateral region at 32.28%. The prevalence varied significantly across studies, ranging from 7% to 89%, influenced by factors such as age, gender distribution, and athletic discipline. Male athletes exhibited a higher incidence of ER compared with females, and endurance athletes showed a greater prevalence than strength athletes. Conclusion ER is notably prevalent among athletes, especially males and those engaged in endurance sports. Current studies do not establish a direct association between ER and increased mortality in athletes. Further research is essential to refine risk stratification criteria and develop appropriate management strategies to ensure athlete safety while maintaining optimal performance levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ee017713da3845d1bb80b0065c4182b3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1082-720X 1542-474X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ee017713da3845d1bb80b0065c4182b32025-01-28T05:38:41ZengWileyAnnals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology1082-720X1542-474X2025-01-01301n/an/a10.1111/anec.70032Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic ReviewKhaled Elenizi0Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi ArabiaABSTRACT Introduction Early repolarization (ER) is an electrocardiographic pattern characterized by J‐point and ST‐segment elevation, frequently observed in athletes. Initially deemed benign, recent studies suggest a possible association between ER and increased risks of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, necessitating a thorough examination of its clinical implications in athletes. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE databases, focusing on articles related to ER in athletes. Search terms included “early repolarization,” and relevant studies were selected based on their focus on athletic populations. A total of 22 articles were included for detailed analysis. Results The review encompassed 22 studies with a combined total of 44,326 athletes, revealing an overall mean ER prevalence of 31.6 ± 17.6 (p < 0.001). Most common location in the inferolateral region at 32.28%. The prevalence varied significantly across studies, ranging from 7% to 89%, influenced by factors such as age, gender distribution, and athletic discipline. Male athletes exhibited a higher incidence of ER compared with females, and endurance athletes showed a greater prevalence than strength athletes. Conclusion ER is notably prevalent among athletes, especially males and those engaged in endurance sports. Current studies do not establish a direct association between ER and increased mortality in athletes. Further research is essential to refine risk stratification criteria and develop appropriate management strategies to ensure athlete safety while maintaining optimal performance levels.https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.70032athletesearly repolarizationelectrocardiography (ECG)preparticipation screeningST‐segment elevationsudden cardiac death |
| spellingShingle | Khaled Elenizi Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology athletes early repolarization electrocardiography (ECG) preparticipation screening ST‐segment elevation sudden cardiac death |
| title | Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Early Repolarization in Athletes: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | prevalence and clinical significance of early repolarization in athletes a systematic review |
| topic | athletes early repolarization electrocardiography (ECG) preparticipation screening ST‐segment elevation sudden cardiac death |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/anec.70032 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khaledelenizi prevalenceandclinicalsignificanceofearlyrepolarizationinathletesasystematicreview |