Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes
Background: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease endemic to Africa and Latin America; however, no cases have been reported in Asian regions with high <i>Aedes aegypti</i> infestation. Factors such as environmental conditions and genetic variations in the yellow fever virus (...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Carlucio Rocha dos Santos Caleb Guedes Miranda dos Santos Dinair Couto-Lima Bárbara Silva Souza Rafi Ur Rahman Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro José Bento Pereira Lima Ademir Jesus Martins |
| author_facet | Carlucio Rocha dos Santos Caleb Guedes Miranda dos Santos Dinair Couto-Lima Bárbara Silva Souza Rafi Ur Rahman Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro José Bento Pereira Lima Ademir Jesus Martins |
| author_sort | Carlucio Rocha dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease endemic to Africa and Latin America; however, no cases have been reported in Asian regions with high <i>Aedes aegypti</i> infestation. Factors such as environmental conditions and genetic variations in the yellow fever virus (YFV) strains and mosquito populations may explain this absence. Mosquito populations have undergone strong selective pressure owing to the excessive use of insecticides. This pressure has led to the spread of alterations, such as knockdown-resistant mutations (<i>kdr</i>), which, while conferring resistance to pyrethroids, also induce various physiological side effects in the insect. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether the presence of <i>kdr</i> mutations influences the infectivity of YFV mosquitoes. This study evaluated the susceptibility of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> from Pakistan with distinct <i>kdr</i> genotypes to different YFV strains under laboratory conditions. Methods: <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> from a Pakistani colony were exposed to YFV strains (PR4408/2008 and ES504/2017) along with the Rockefeller strain. After 14 days, RNA and DNA were extracted for viral RNA detection (qPCR) and <i>kdr</i> genotyping (TaqMan qPCR and HRM for T1520I and F1534C SNPs). Results: Pakistani <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> were orally susceptible to YFV, with infection rates of 83.7% (PR4408/2008) and 61.3% (ES504), respectively, similar to Rockefeller. Two kdr genotypes (II + CC and TI + FC) were identified, with no significant differences in viral infection or dissemination rates. Conclusions: The <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> population from Asia is capable of YFV infection and dissemination, regardless of <i>kdr</i> genotype. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ecd3c890f70f4d1f974937b5e1bd3751 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-ecd3c890f70f4d1f974937b5e1bd37512025-01-24T13:35:39ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-12-011613310.3390/insects16010033Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance GenotypesCarlucio Rocha dos Santos0Caleb Guedes Miranda dos Santos1Dinair Couto-Lima2Bárbara Silva Souza3Rafi Ur Rahman4Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro5José Bento Pereira Lima6Ademir Jesus Martins7Laboratório de Biologia, Controlee Vigilância de InsetosVetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Biologia do Exército, Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa, Rio de Janeiro 20911-270, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia, Controlee Vigilância de InsetosVetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia, Controlee Vigilância de InsetosVetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilInstituto de Biologia do Exército, Divisão de Ensino e Pesquisa, Rio de Janeiro 20911-270, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia, Controlee Vigilância de InsetosVetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia, Controlee Vigilância de InsetosVetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilBackground: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease endemic to Africa and Latin America; however, no cases have been reported in Asian regions with high <i>Aedes aegypti</i> infestation. Factors such as environmental conditions and genetic variations in the yellow fever virus (YFV) strains and mosquito populations may explain this absence. Mosquito populations have undergone strong selective pressure owing to the excessive use of insecticides. This pressure has led to the spread of alterations, such as knockdown-resistant mutations (<i>kdr</i>), which, while conferring resistance to pyrethroids, also induce various physiological side effects in the insect. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether the presence of <i>kdr</i> mutations influences the infectivity of YFV mosquitoes. This study evaluated the susceptibility of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> from Pakistan with distinct <i>kdr</i> genotypes to different YFV strains under laboratory conditions. Methods: <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> from a Pakistani colony were exposed to YFV strains (PR4408/2008 and ES504/2017) along with the Rockefeller strain. After 14 days, RNA and DNA were extracted for viral RNA detection (qPCR) and <i>kdr</i> genotyping (TaqMan qPCR and HRM for T1520I and F1534C SNPs). Results: Pakistani <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> were orally susceptible to YFV, with infection rates of 83.7% (PR4408/2008) and 61.3% (ES504), respectively, similar to Rockefeller. Two kdr genotypes (II + CC and TI + FC) were identified, with no significant differences in viral infection or dissemination rates. Conclusions: The <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> population from Asia is capable of YFV infection and dissemination, regardless of <i>kdr</i> genotype.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/33mosquito<i>Aedes aegypti</i>yellow feverinsecticide resistance<i>kdr</i>Asia |
| spellingShingle | Carlucio Rocha dos Santos Caleb Guedes Miranda dos Santos Dinair Couto-Lima Bárbara Silva Souza Rafi Ur Rahman Marcos Dornelas Ribeiro José Bento Pereira Lima Ademir Jesus Martins Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes Insects mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> yellow fever insecticide resistance <i>kdr</i> Asia |
| title | Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes |
| title_full | Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes |
| title_short | Evaluation of Yellow Fever Virus Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Mosquitoes from Pakistan with Distinct Knockdown Resistance Genotypes |
| title_sort | evaluation of yellow fever virus infection in i aedes aegypti i mosquitoes from pakistan with distinct knockdown resistance genotypes |
| topic | mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i> yellow fever insecticide resistance <i>kdr</i> Asia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/33 |
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