An Investigation of Pre-Seismic Ionospheric TEC and Acoustic–Gravity Wave Coupling Phenomena Using BDS GEO Measurements: A Case Study of the 2023 Jishishan Ms6.2 Earthquake

An Investigation of Pre-Seismic Ionospheric TEC and Acoustic–Gravity Wave Coupling Phenomena Using BDS GEO Measurements: A Case Study of the 2023 Jishishan Ms6.2 Earthquake

This study investigates pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies preceding the 2023 Jishishan Ms6.2 earthquake using total electron content (TEC) data derived from BDS geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites. Multi-scale analysis integrating Butterworth filtering and wavelet transforms resolved TEC disturbanc...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiao Gao, Lina Shu, Zongfang Ma, Penggang Tian, Lin Pan, Hailong Zhang, Shuai Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
2023 Jishishan Ms6.2 earthquake
BDS GEO
TEC
acoustic–gravity wave
seismo-ionospheric anomaly
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2296
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