FSTL1 accelerates nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration by activating TGF-β-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation

Abstract Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain, and repair using nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NP-MSCs) represents a promising therapeutic approach. However, both endogenous and transplanted NP-MSCs demonstrate limited proliferati...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xu Yan, Jing-Yu Ding, Ren-Jie Zhang, Yan-Xin Wang, Lu-Ping Zhou, Hua-Qing Zhang, Liang Kang, Chong-Yu Jia, Xiao-Ying Liu, Cai-Liang Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06231-w
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