Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process
Oil cakes are biomass wastes created by pressing oil from oilseeds. Their chemical composition (including high fat or protein content, a favorable fatty acid profile, and a high proportion of unsaturated acids) makes them valuable raw materials not only in animal feeding but are increasingly gaining...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Jolanta Małajowicz Agata Fabiszewska Bartłomiej Zieniuk Joanna Bryś Mariola Kozłowska Katarzyna Marciniak-Lukasiak |
| author_facet | Jolanta Małajowicz Agata Fabiszewska Bartłomiej Zieniuk Joanna Bryś Mariola Kozłowska Katarzyna Marciniak-Lukasiak |
| author_sort | Jolanta Małajowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oil cakes are biomass wastes created by pressing oil from oilseeds. Their chemical composition (including high fat or protein content, a favorable fatty acid profile, and a high proportion of unsaturated acids) makes them valuable raw materials not only in animal feeding but are increasingly gaining popularity in biotechnological processes. This article examines the possibility of valorizing oil cakes using the lipid fraction extracted from them or their raw form in a two-pot biosynthesis process of GDDL—a cyclic ester with a creamy-peach aroma. This study tested five types of oil cakes (hemp seeds, rapeseed, safflower, camelina, and flax), analyzing their physicochemical composition and the fatty acid profile of their lipid fraction. Due to the high content of oleic acid (over 62% lipid fraction) and the wide availability, rapeseed cake was used in the biotransformation process. The synthesis of GDDL involved a three-step process: hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, hydration of oleic acid (via lactic acid bacteria in anaerobic conditions), and β-oxidation (via <i>Yarrowia</i> yeast, aerobic process). The analysis showed that it is possible to produce because of the two-pot biotransformation of approximately 1.7 g of GDDL/dm<sup>3</sup>. These results highlight the process’s potential and justify the feasibility of waste valorization. The proposed biotransformation requires optimization and is a good example of the application of the circular economy in food processing and waste management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e96a4059df4e447c8d0e0a8b1bd1b5c5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-e96a4059df4e447c8d0e0a8b1bd1b5c52025-01-24T13:32:48ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114218710.3390/foods14020187Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis ProcessJolanta Małajowicz0Agata Fabiszewska1Bartłomiej Zieniuk2Joanna Bryś3Mariola Kozłowska4Katarzyna Marciniak-Lukasiak5Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Str. Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Str. Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Str. Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Str. Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Str. Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Str. Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandOil cakes are biomass wastes created by pressing oil from oilseeds. Their chemical composition (including high fat or protein content, a favorable fatty acid profile, and a high proportion of unsaturated acids) makes them valuable raw materials not only in animal feeding but are increasingly gaining popularity in biotechnological processes. This article examines the possibility of valorizing oil cakes using the lipid fraction extracted from them or their raw form in a two-pot biosynthesis process of GDDL—a cyclic ester with a creamy-peach aroma. This study tested five types of oil cakes (hemp seeds, rapeseed, safflower, camelina, and flax), analyzing their physicochemical composition and the fatty acid profile of their lipid fraction. Due to the high content of oleic acid (over 62% lipid fraction) and the wide availability, rapeseed cake was used in the biotransformation process. The synthesis of GDDL involved a three-step process: hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, hydration of oleic acid (via lactic acid bacteria in anaerobic conditions), and β-oxidation (via <i>Yarrowia</i> yeast, aerobic process). The analysis showed that it is possible to produce because of the two-pot biotransformation of approximately 1.7 g of GDDL/dm<sup>3</sup>. These results highlight the process’s potential and justify the feasibility of waste valorization. The proposed biotransformation requires optimization and is a good example of the application of the circular economy in food processing and waste management.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/187biotransformationwaste raw materialshydroxy fatty acidsγ-dodecalactonelactic acid bacteria<i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> |
| spellingShingle | Jolanta Małajowicz Agata Fabiszewska Bartłomiej Zieniuk Joanna Bryś Mariola Kozłowska Katarzyna Marciniak-Lukasiak Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process Foods biotransformation waste raw materials hydroxy fatty acids γ-dodecalactone lactic acid bacteria <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> |
| title | Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process |
| title_full | Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process |
| title_fullStr | Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process |
| title_short | Valorization of Oil Cakes in Two-Pot Lactone Biosynthesis Process |
| title_sort | valorization of oil cakes in two pot lactone biosynthesis process |
| topic | biotransformation waste raw materials hydroxy fatty acids γ-dodecalactone lactic acid bacteria <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/187 |
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