Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is an important inflammatory chronic skin disease that brings many complications in its management and treatment. Although several chemical agents are used for treatment, the search for better anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents of plant origin has been ongoin...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Muhammad M. Poyil Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy Salman Bin Dayel Mohammed Sarosh Khan Zainab Mohammed M. Omar Alaaeldin Ahmed Mohamed Reda M. Fayyad Tarig Gasim Mohamed Alarabi Hesham A. Khairy Nasraddin Othman Bahakim Mohamed A. Samhan Abd El-Lateef Saeed Abd El-Lateef |
| author_facet | Muhammad M. Poyil Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy Salman Bin Dayel Mohammed Sarosh Khan Zainab Mohammed M. Omar Alaaeldin Ahmed Mohamed Reda M. Fayyad Tarig Gasim Mohamed Alarabi Hesham A. Khairy Nasraddin Othman Bahakim Mohamed A. Samhan Abd El-Lateef Saeed Abd El-Lateef |
| author_sort | Muhammad M. Poyil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is an important inflammatory chronic skin disease that brings many complications in its management and treatment. Although several chemical agents are used for treatment, the search for better anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents of plant origin has been ongoing, since natural compounds, it is commonly believed, are less dangerous than synthetic ones. Therefore, the present study explored a medicinal plant—<i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L.—for its anti-inflammatory activity alone and in combination with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac. The plant extract was used to make a cream formulation for treating atopic dermatitis and as an antibacterial agent against <i>Staphylococcus aures</i>, the major infectious agent associated with AD. The phytochemical analysis of the <i>E. prostrata</i> extract showed the presence of various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, Tannin, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, phenol, alkaloids, quinone, and protein. The GC-MS profiling of methanolic <i>E. prostrata</i> extract was performed predicted the presence of twenty important phytochemicals, including 2-[5-(2-Hydroxypropyl) oxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid, dl-Menthol, dodecane, undecane, 4,7-dimethyl-, dodecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl-, decane, 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-, cholest-5-en-3-ol, (3.alpha.)-, TMS derivative, cyclopropane carboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-, (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) ester, alpha.-farnesene, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-1-propyl-1,3-propanediyl ester, diethyl phthalate, corticosterone, 2-methylpropionate, hentriacontan-13-ol, O-TMS, phthalic acid, 2,4-dimethylpent-3-yl dodecyl ester, hexasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-dodecamethyl-, acetic acid, 4-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hex-2-ynyl ester, octadecane, 2-methyl- octacosane, 1-iodo-, nonacosane, and eicosyl isopropyl ether. Using an egg albumin denaturation inhibition assay, the anti-inflammatory activities of <i>E. prostrata</i> alone and in combination with diclofenac were investigated, and they showed 93% and 99% denaturation inhibition at 5 mg concentration of <i>E. prostrata</i> in alone and combination with diclofenac, respectively. Heat-induced haemolysis showed 2.5% and 2.4% of haemolysis at 5 mg of <i>E. prostrata</i> alone and in combination with diclofenac, respectively. An MTT assay performed using L<sub>929</sub> cells proved that the extract has no cytotoxic effect. The plant extract displayed potential antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; the growth was inhibited at 1 mg/mL of <i>E. prostrata</i> extract. Thus, based on this evidence, the authors suggest that <i>E. prostrata</i> extract should be studied further for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities and topical application in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e5d3a5d3cb604b87b739fe89a0e65ec22025-01-24T13:38:31ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-12-011513510.3390/life15010035Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD)Muhammad M. Poyil0Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif1Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy2Salman Bin Dayel3Mohammed Sarosh Khan4Zainab Mohammed M. Omar5Alaaeldin Ahmed Mohamed6Reda M. Fayyad7Tarig Gasim Mohamed Alarabi8Hesham A. Khairy9Nasraddin Othman Bahakim10Mohamed A. Samhan11Abd El-Lateef Saeed Abd El-Lateef12Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, EgyptDepartment Pharmacology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Asser 61961, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh 11512, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaAtopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is an important inflammatory chronic skin disease that brings many complications in its management and treatment. Although several chemical agents are used for treatment, the search for better anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents of plant origin has been ongoing, since natural compounds, it is commonly believed, are less dangerous than synthetic ones. Therefore, the present study explored a medicinal plant—<i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L.—for its anti-inflammatory activity alone and in combination with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac. The plant extract was used to make a cream formulation for treating atopic dermatitis and as an antibacterial agent against <i>Staphylococcus aures</i>, the major infectious agent associated with AD. The phytochemical analysis of the <i>E. prostrata</i> extract showed the presence of various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, Tannin, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, phenol, alkaloids, quinone, and protein. The GC-MS profiling of methanolic <i>E. prostrata</i> extract was performed predicted the presence of twenty important phytochemicals, including 2-[5-(2-Hydroxypropyl) oxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid, dl-Menthol, dodecane, undecane, 4,7-dimethyl-, dodecane, 2,6,10-trimethyl-, decane, 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-, cholest-5-en-3-ol, (3.alpha.)-, TMS derivative, cyclopropane carboxylic acid, 1-hydroxy-, (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) ester, alpha.-farnesene, propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-1-propyl-1,3-propanediyl ester, diethyl phthalate, corticosterone, 2-methylpropionate, hentriacontan-13-ol, O-TMS, phthalic acid, 2,4-dimethylpent-3-yl dodecyl ester, hexasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-dodecamethyl-, acetic acid, 4-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-1,5-dimethyl-hex-2-ynyl ester, octadecane, 2-methyl- octacosane, 1-iodo-, nonacosane, and eicosyl isopropyl ether. Using an egg albumin denaturation inhibition assay, the anti-inflammatory activities of <i>E. prostrata</i> alone and in combination with diclofenac were investigated, and they showed 93% and 99% denaturation inhibition at 5 mg concentration of <i>E. prostrata</i> in alone and combination with diclofenac, respectively. Heat-induced haemolysis showed 2.5% and 2.4% of haemolysis at 5 mg of <i>E. prostrata</i> alone and in combination with diclofenac, respectively. An MTT assay performed using L<sub>929</sub> cells proved that the extract has no cytotoxic effect. The plant extract displayed potential antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>; the growth was inhibited at 1 mg/mL of <i>E. prostrata</i> extract. Thus, based on this evidence, the authors suggest that <i>E. prostrata</i> extract should be studied further for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities and topical application in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/1/35anti-inflammatoryatopic dermatitisdiclofenac<i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L.haemolysisnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad M. Poyil Mohammed H. Karrar Alsharif Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy Salman Bin Dayel Mohammed Sarosh Khan Zainab Mohammed M. Omar Alaaeldin Ahmed Mohamed Reda M. Fayyad Tarig Gasim Mohamed Alarabi Hesham A. Khairy Nasraddin Othman Bahakim Mohamed A. Samhan Abd El-Lateef Saeed Abd El-Lateef Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD) Life anti-inflammatory atopic dermatitis diclofenac <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. haemolysis non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD) |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD) |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD) |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory Potential and Synergic Activities of <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. Leaf-Derived Ointment Formulation in Combination with the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac in Suppressing Atopic Dermatitis (AD) |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory potential and synergic activities of i eclipta prostrata i l l leaf derived ointment formulation in combination with the non steroidal anti inflammatory drug diclofenac in suppressing atopic dermatitis ad |
| topic | anti-inflammatory atopic dermatitis diclofenac <i>Eclipta prostrata</i> (L.) L. haemolysis non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/1/35 |
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