Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers
BackgroundVitiligo is a challenging chronic condition with unpredictable disease course and high propensity for relapse post-treatment. Recent studies have reported the biomarkers for disease activity, severity, and therapeutic response of vitiligo, yet very few have investigated cytokines as predic...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1468665/full |
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| author | Binhao Liu Jiacheng Shen Jiayu Li Bowen Tian Bowen Tian Bin Zhou Jiachen Gui Zhimin Li Yue Zhang Wenzhi Hu Qiang Li Qiang Li |
| author_facet | Binhao Liu Jiacheng Shen Jiayu Li Bowen Tian Bowen Tian Bin Zhou Jiachen Gui Zhimin Li Yue Zhang Wenzhi Hu Qiang Li Qiang Li |
| author_sort | Binhao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundVitiligo is a challenging chronic condition with unpredictable disease course and high propensity for relapse post-treatment. Recent studies have reported the biomarkers for disease activity, severity, and therapeutic response of vitiligo, yet very few have investigated cytokines as predictive biomarkers for disease recurrence in vitiligo. This study aims to explore cytokines that serve as biomarkers for disease recurrence and extend research on factors related to the disease’s activity.Methods92 patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited at the Air Force Medical Center from September 20, 2023, to November 30, 2023. Ultrasensitive multiplex cytokine array was used to measure plasma concentrations of cytokines, including IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15.ResultsIFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15 were expressed at higher levels in the circulation of patients with both segmental and non-segmental vitiligo compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in these cytokine levels between the two types of vitiligo. CXCL9 was associated with the activity of vitiligo (p = 0.027). Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15 in the plasma of patients with recurrent vitiligo. The expression of IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IL-6 was significantly higher in recurrent vitiligo than in cases of persistent stable vitiligo (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.026, respectively), with ROC analysis demonstrating their predictive capability for vitiligo recurrence, with AUC values of 0.806, 0.773, 0.896, 0.785, and 0.709, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed IFN-γ is an independent predictor for vitiligo recurrence [OR (95%CI) =1.051 (1.012~1.116)], with a prediction accuracy of 90.5% (38/42) on the training dataset and 88.9% (16/18) on the testing dataset.ConclusionPlasma IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IL-6 might be potential biomarkers for vitiligo recurrence, with CXCL9 also associated with disease activity. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that IFN-γ is an independent predictor of vitiligo recurrence and the model could be a candidate approach for predicting vitiligo recurrence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e3d676d263794c4d9aceb460eb5821ae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e3d676d263794c4d9aceb460eb5821ae2025-02-06T07:09:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-02-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.14686651468665Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkersBinhao Liu0Jiacheng Shen1Jiayu Li2Bowen Tian3Bowen Tian4Bin Zhou5Jiachen Gui6Zhimin Li7Yue Zhang8Wenzhi Hu9Qiang Li10Qiang Li11The Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaThe Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaGraduate School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Dermatology, 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Jinan, ChinaGraduate School, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, ChinaGraduate School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, ChinaDepartment of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, ChinaThe Air Force Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaDepartment of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, ChinaBackgroundVitiligo is a challenging chronic condition with unpredictable disease course and high propensity for relapse post-treatment. Recent studies have reported the biomarkers for disease activity, severity, and therapeutic response of vitiligo, yet very few have investigated cytokines as predictive biomarkers for disease recurrence in vitiligo. This study aims to explore cytokines that serve as biomarkers for disease recurrence and extend research on factors related to the disease’s activity.Methods92 patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited at the Air Force Medical Center from September 20, 2023, to November 30, 2023. Ultrasensitive multiplex cytokine array was used to measure plasma concentrations of cytokines, including IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15.ResultsIFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15 were expressed at higher levels in the circulation of patients with both segmental and non-segmental vitiligo compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in these cytokine levels between the two types of vitiligo. CXCL9 was associated with the activity of vitiligo (p = 0.027). Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IL-6, and IL-15 in the plasma of patients with recurrent vitiligo. The expression of IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IL-6 was significantly higher in recurrent vitiligo than in cases of persistent stable vitiligo (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.026, respectively), with ROC analysis demonstrating their predictive capability for vitiligo recurrence, with AUC values of 0.806, 0.773, 0.896, 0.785, and 0.709, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model showed IFN-γ is an independent predictor for vitiligo recurrence [OR (95%CI) =1.051 (1.012~1.116)], with a prediction accuracy of 90.5% (38/42) on the training dataset and 88.9% (16/18) on the testing dataset.ConclusionPlasma IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IL-6 might be potential biomarkers for vitiligo recurrence, with CXCL9 also associated with disease activity. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that IFN-γ is an independent predictor of vitiligo recurrence and the model could be a candidate approach for predicting vitiligo recurrence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1468665/fullvitiligorecurrenceactivitybiomarkerinterferon gammainterleukin 6 |
| spellingShingle | Binhao Liu Jiacheng Shen Jiayu Li Bowen Tian Bowen Tian Bin Zhou Jiachen Gui Zhimin Li Yue Zhang Wenzhi Hu Qiang Li Qiang Li Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers Frontiers in Immunology vitiligo recurrence activity biomarker interferon gamma interleukin 6 |
| title | Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers |
| title_full | Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers |
| title_short | Candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence: an effective model and biomarkers |
| title_sort | candidate approaches for predicting vitiligo recurrence an effective model and biomarkers |
| topic | vitiligo recurrence activity biomarker interferon gamma interleukin 6 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1468665/full |
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