Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends
Liver transplantation is the only curative option for end-stage liver disease and is necessary for an increasing number of patients with advanced primary or secondary liver cancer. Many patient groups can benefit from this treatment, however the shortage of liver grafts remains an unsolved problem....
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/98 |
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| author | Marcin Morawski Maciej Krasnodębski Jakub Rochoń Hubert Kubiszewski Michał Marzęcki Dominik Topyła Kacper Murat Mikołaj Staszewski Jacek Szczytko Marek Maleszewski Michał Grąt |
| author_facet | Marcin Morawski Maciej Krasnodębski Jakub Rochoń Hubert Kubiszewski Michał Marzęcki Dominik Topyła Kacper Murat Mikołaj Staszewski Jacek Szczytko Marek Maleszewski Michał Grąt |
| author_sort | Marcin Morawski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver transplantation is the only curative option for end-stage liver disease and is necessary for an increasing number of patients with advanced primary or secondary liver cancer. Many patient groups can benefit from this treatment, however the shortage of liver grafts remains an unsolved problem. Liver bioengineering offers a promising method for expanding the donor pool through the production of acellular scaffolds that can be seeded with recipient cells. Decellularization protocols involve the removal of cells using various chemical, physical, and enzymatic steps to create a collagenous network that provides support for introduced cells and future vascular and biliary beds. However, the removal of the cells causes varying degrees of matrix damage, that can affect cell seeding and future organ performance. The main objective of this review is to present the existing techniques of producing decellularized livers, with an emphasis on the assessment and definition of acellularity. Decellularization agents are discussed, and the standard process of acellular matrix production is evaluated. We also introduce the concept of the stepwise assessment of the matrix during decellularization through decellularization cycles. This method may lead to shorter detergent exposure times and less scaffold damage. The introduction of apoptosis induction in the field of organ engineering may provide a valuable alternative to existing long perfusion protocols, which lead to significant matrix damage. A thorough understanding of the decellularization process and the action of the various factors influencing the final composition of the scaffold is essential to produce a biocompatible matrix, which can be the basis for further studies regarding recellularization and retransplantation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2ef0b74cf4b4ac9883fe2b48a1389d8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2ef0b74cf4b4ac9883fe2b48a1389d82025-01-24T13:25:10ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-01-011519810.3390/biom15010098Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future TrendsMarcin Morawski0Maciej Krasnodębski1Jakub Rochoń2Hubert Kubiszewski3Michał Marzęcki4Dominik Topyła5Kacper Murat6Mikołaj Staszewski7Jacek Szczytko8Marek Maleszewski9Michał Grąt10Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Telecommunications, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Embryology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandLiver transplantation is the only curative option for end-stage liver disease and is necessary for an increasing number of patients with advanced primary or secondary liver cancer. Many patient groups can benefit from this treatment, however the shortage of liver grafts remains an unsolved problem. Liver bioengineering offers a promising method for expanding the donor pool through the production of acellular scaffolds that can be seeded with recipient cells. Decellularization protocols involve the removal of cells using various chemical, physical, and enzymatic steps to create a collagenous network that provides support for introduced cells and future vascular and biliary beds. However, the removal of the cells causes varying degrees of matrix damage, that can affect cell seeding and future organ performance. The main objective of this review is to present the existing techniques of producing decellularized livers, with an emphasis on the assessment and definition of acellularity. Decellularization agents are discussed, and the standard process of acellular matrix production is evaluated. We also introduce the concept of the stepwise assessment of the matrix during decellularization through decellularization cycles. This method may lead to shorter detergent exposure times and less scaffold damage. The introduction of apoptosis induction in the field of organ engineering may provide a valuable alternative to existing long perfusion protocols, which lead to significant matrix damage. A thorough understanding of the decellularization process and the action of the various factors influencing the final composition of the scaffold is essential to produce a biocompatible matrix, which can be the basis for further studies regarding recellularization and retransplantation.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/98bioengineered organsdecellularized liverliver transplantationtissue engineeringregenerative medicine |
| spellingShingle | Marcin Morawski Maciej Krasnodębski Jakub Rochoń Hubert Kubiszewski Michał Marzęcki Dominik Topyła Kacper Murat Mikołaj Staszewski Jacek Szczytko Marek Maleszewski Michał Grąt Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends Biomolecules bioengineered organs decellularized liver liver transplantation tissue engineering regenerative medicine |
| title | Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends |
| title_full | Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends |
| title_fullStr | Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends |
| title_short | Decellularized Liver Matrices for Expanding the Donor Pool—An Evaluation of Existing Protocols and Future Trends |
| title_sort | decellularized liver matrices for expanding the donor pool an evaluation of existing protocols and future trends |
| topic | bioengineered organs decellularized liver liver transplantation tissue engineering regenerative medicine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/1/98 |
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