Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been identified as one cause of human health impact with the estimated global 8.8 million attributable deaths. Thailand experiences haze episode every year, which can lead to high ambient concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air. This study aims t...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006413 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832585158955368448 |
|---|---|
| author | Wissanupong Kliengchuay Sarima Niampradit Narut Sahanavin William Mueller Susanne Steinle Miranda Loh Helinor Jane Johnston Sotiris Vardoulakis San Suwanmanee Walaiporn Phonphan John W. Cherrie Kraichat Tantrakarnapa |
| author_facet | Wissanupong Kliengchuay Sarima Niampradit Narut Sahanavin William Mueller Susanne Steinle Miranda Loh Helinor Jane Johnston Sotiris Vardoulakis San Suwanmanee Walaiporn Phonphan John W. Cherrie Kraichat Tantrakarnapa |
| author_sort | Wissanupong Kliengchuay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been identified as one cause of human health impact with the estimated global 8.8 million attributable deaths. Thailand experiences haze episode every year, which can lead to high ambient concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air. This study aims to investigate the relationship of indoor and outdoor air quality in both haze and non-haze period in two cities in Thailand: namely Bangkok and Chiang Mai. We conducted the air quality sampling in various styles of house, with 17 houses in both urban and rural areas, between April to October 2019. The results indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 in indoor air in Bangkok were 19.85 and 11.40 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze period, respectively, whereas the PM10 concentrations were 32.124 and 17.49 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze period, respectively. The corresponding average of outdoor air concentrations were 26.26 and 16.68 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze, respectively. While the PM10 concentrations were 46.36 and 23.86 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze period, respectively. In Chiang Mai, it was observed that the mean concentration of PM2.5 in indoor was 106.80 μg/m3 and 5.52 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze periods, respectively. Regarding PM10, it was observed that the mean concentration in indoor was 118.54 μg/m3 and 9.74 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze periods, respectively. Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios of PM2.5 varied in Bangkok average was 0.76 for haze and 0.68 for non-haze period. The I/O ratio in Chiang Mai was 0.91 and 1.16 for haze and non-haze episode, respectively. Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios of PM10 varied in Bangkok average was 0.70 for haze and 0.73 for non-haze period. The I/O ratio in Chiang Mai was 0.92 and 0.96 for haze and non-haze episode, respectively Our findings indicated the influences of outdoor air quality on indoor air quality during both haze and non-haze episode. The intrusion of outdoor air in Chiang Mai to the houses caused a higher I/O ratio than Bangkok due to the characteristics of house and culture. The indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter were dominated by outdoor air quality. Thus, people should close doors/windows during the haze as well as non-haze episode to avoiding the pollutant accumulation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e25dccde95514d459cee50af565e7866 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-e25dccde95514d459cee50af565e78662025-01-27T04:22:05ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-02-01113e42261Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodesWissanupong Kliengchuay0Sarima Niampradit1Narut Sahanavin2William Mueller3Susanne Steinle4Miranda Loh5Helinor Jane Johnston6Sotiris Vardoulakis7San Suwanmanee8Walaiporn Phonphan9John W. Cherrie10Kraichat Tantrakarnapa11Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, ThailandInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UKInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UKInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UKNano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UKThe Australian National University, Canberra, AustraliaFaculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, ThailandInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UKFaculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Corresponding author. Environmental, Health and Social Impact Assessment Unit, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.Particulate matter (PM) air pollution has been identified as one cause of human health impact with the estimated global 8.8 million attributable deaths. Thailand experiences haze episode every year, which can lead to high ambient concentrations of particulate matter in ambient air. This study aims to investigate the relationship of indoor and outdoor air quality in both haze and non-haze period in two cities in Thailand: namely Bangkok and Chiang Mai. We conducted the air quality sampling in various styles of house, with 17 houses in both urban and rural areas, between April to October 2019. The results indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 in indoor air in Bangkok were 19.85 and 11.40 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze period, respectively, whereas the PM10 concentrations were 32.124 and 17.49 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze period, respectively. The corresponding average of outdoor air concentrations were 26.26 and 16.68 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze, respectively. While the PM10 concentrations were 46.36 and 23.86 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze period, respectively. In Chiang Mai, it was observed that the mean concentration of PM2.5 in indoor was 106.80 μg/m3 and 5.52 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze periods, respectively. Regarding PM10, it was observed that the mean concentration in indoor was 118.54 μg/m3 and 9.74 μg/m3 for haze and non-haze periods, respectively. Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios of PM2.5 varied in Bangkok average was 0.76 for haze and 0.68 for non-haze period. The I/O ratio in Chiang Mai was 0.91 and 1.16 for haze and non-haze episode, respectively. Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios of PM10 varied in Bangkok average was 0.70 for haze and 0.73 for non-haze period. The I/O ratio in Chiang Mai was 0.92 and 0.96 for haze and non-haze episode, respectively Our findings indicated the influences of outdoor air quality on indoor air quality during both haze and non-haze episode. The intrusion of outdoor air in Chiang Mai to the houses caused a higher I/O ratio than Bangkok due to the characteristics of house and culture. The indoor air quality in terms of particulate matter were dominated by outdoor air quality. Thus, people should close doors/windows during the haze as well as non-haze episode to avoiding the pollutant accumulation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006413PM2.5Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratiosHaze episodeNon-haze episode |
| spellingShingle | Wissanupong Kliengchuay Sarima Niampradit Narut Sahanavin William Mueller Susanne Steinle Miranda Loh Helinor Jane Johnston Sotiris Vardoulakis San Suwanmanee Walaiporn Phonphan John W. Cherrie Kraichat Tantrakarnapa Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes Heliyon PM2.5 Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios Haze episode Non-haze episode |
| title | Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes |
| title_full | Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes |
| title_short | Seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of PM2.5 and PM10 in Bangkok and Chiang Mai: A comparative study of haze and non-haze episodes |
| title_sort | seasonal analysis of indoor and outdoor ratios of pm2 5 and pm10 in bangkok and chiang mai a comparative study of haze and non haze episodes |
| topic | PM2.5 Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios Haze episode Non-haze episode |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025006413 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wissanupongkliengchuay seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT sarimaniampradit seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT narutsahanavin seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT williammueller seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT susannesteinle seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT mirandaloh seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT helinorjanejohnston seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT sotirisvardoulakis seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT sansuwanmanee seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT walaipornphonphan seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT johnwcherrie seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes AT kraichattantrakarnapa seasonalanalysisofindoorandoutdoorratiosofpm25andpm10inbangkokandchiangmaiacomparativestudyofhazeandnonhazeepisodes |