The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds
Objective Anger in crowds can be dangerous and lead to violence. Accurately assessing anger in crowds can be difficult, and people tend to overestimate the average intensity of a crowd’s anger relative to an individual’s anger (i.e. the crowd emotion amplification effect).Method Across three experim...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Australian Journal of Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/00049530.2024.2426661 |
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| author | Elizabeth Summerell Liberty Shuttleworth Carmen Lin Thomas F. Denson |
| author_facet | Elizabeth Summerell Liberty Shuttleworth Carmen Lin Thomas F. Denson |
| author_sort | Elizabeth Summerell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Anger in crowds can be dangerous and lead to violence. Accurately assessing anger in crowds can be difficult, and people tend to overestimate the average intensity of a crowd’s anger relative to an individual’s anger (i.e. the crowd emotion amplification effect).Method Across three experiments, we investigated the emotion amplification effect in crowds (versus individuals) displaying angry facial expressions. We also investigated the influence of gender, race, and alcohol cues as influences on this effect.Results In two of the three experiments, we replicated the emotion amplification effect and found an interaction with race. Participants overestimated anger in White crowds more so than anger in Black crowds, but overestimated anger to a greater extent for Black individuals more than White individuals. There was also a main effect such that participants overestimated anger for men relative to women in both individuals and crowds and in both races.Conclusions These findings highlight the bias to overestimate anger in White crowds, men, and Black individuals. These findings may affect policies around policing and crowd control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e23e36f485fb4d1581b35d551126adad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0004-9530 1742-9536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Australian Journal of Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e23e36f485fb4d1581b35d551126adad2025-01-20T01:32:12ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAustralian Journal of Psychology0004-95301742-95362025-12-0177110.1080/00049530.2024.2426661The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowdsElizabeth Summerell0Liberty Shuttleworth1Carmen Lin2Thomas F. Denson3School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaObjective Anger in crowds can be dangerous and lead to violence. Accurately assessing anger in crowds can be difficult, and people tend to overestimate the average intensity of a crowd’s anger relative to an individual’s anger (i.e. the crowd emotion amplification effect).Method Across three experiments, we investigated the emotion amplification effect in crowds (versus individuals) displaying angry facial expressions. We also investigated the influence of gender, race, and alcohol cues as influences on this effect.Results In two of the three experiments, we replicated the emotion amplification effect and found an interaction with race. Participants overestimated anger in White crowds more so than anger in Black crowds, but overestimated anger to a greater extent for Black individuals more than White individuals. There was also a main effect such that participants overestimated anger for men relative to women in both individuals and crowds and in both races.Conclusions These findings highlight the bias to overestimate anger in White crowds, men, and Black individuals. These findings may affect policies around policing and crowd control.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/00049530.2024.2426661Angeremotion recognitioncrowdsracealcohol |
| spellingShingle | Elizabeth Summerell Liberty Shuttleworth Carmen Lin Thomas F. Denson The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds Australian Journal of Psychology Anger emotion recognition crowds race alcohol |
| title | The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds |
| title_full | The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds |
| title_fullStr | The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds |
| title_short | The effects of race, gender, and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds |
| title_sort | effects of race gender and alcohol cues on anger perception in crowds |
| topic | Anger emotion recognition crowds race alcohol |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/00049530.2024.2426661 |
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