The Two-Echelon Unmanned Ground Vehicle Routing Problem: Extreme-Weather Goods Distribution as a Case Study

In extreme weather conditions, the use of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) for material distribution enhances safety. We introduce a two-echelon unmanned ground vehicle routing problem (2E-UGVRP) and proposes a hybrid Artificial Bee Colony–Wild Horse Optimizer (HABC-WHO) algorithm to solve it. In thi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chuncheng Fang, Yanguang Cai, Yanlin Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomimetics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/5/255
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