Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr
The effects of different yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and austenite grain growth behavior of spring steel 55SiCr were investigated. The results show that the addition of yttrium in the early stage of smelting is beneficial to the deoxidation of molten steel, but basically no desulf...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425001632 |
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| author | Shuai Ma Yang Li Zhouhua Jiang Meng Sun Yunqie Mao Yanshuo Ma Yucheng Wang Tianci Li Yunfei Niedeng Rui Yang Hang Liu |
| author_facet | Shuai Ma Yang Li Zhouhua Jiang Meng Sun Yunqie Mao Yanshuo Ma Yucheng Wang Tianci Li Yunfei Niedeng Rui Yang Hang Liu |
| author_sort | Shuai Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of different yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and austenite grain growth behavior of spring steel 55SiCr were investigated. The results show that the addition of yttrium in the early stage of smelting is beneficial to the deoxidation of molten steel, but basically no desulfurization effect. The inclusions were partially modified from SiO2–Al2O3–MgO into Y2O3–SiO2–Al2O3, which have no effects on refinement of austenite grain. However, the addition of yttrium at the later stage of smelting can simultaneously achieve the effects of deoxidization and desulfurization, and the yield of yttrium reaches to 34.6% from 12.0%. Meanwhile, the inclusions were completely modified into Y2O2S and YS, and the inclusions achieved fine dispersion distribution, and the micrograin size grade of austenite grains was increased from 4.79 to 6.09. The calculation of Gibbs free energy of inclusion formation shows that the inclusions generated with the oxygen content from high to low are Y2O3→Y2O2S→YS when yttrium is added to spring steel. In this study, it is recommended to add yttrium in the later smelting stage, which is beneficial to improve the yield of yttrium, deoxidation and desulfurization of molten steel, modification of inclusions and grain refinement. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ddfb6f589ccc4e71a7c36dced827d2fb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-ddfb6f589ccc4e71a7c36dced827d2fb2025-01-31T05:11:23ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-03-013523952409Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCrShuai Ma0Yang Li1Zhouhua Jiang2Meng Sun3Yunqie Mao4Yanshuo Ma5Yucheng Wang6Tianci Li7Yunfei Niedeng8Rui Yang9Hang Liu10School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR China; Corresponding author.School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR China; Corresponding author.School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaSchool of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, NO.3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110819, PR ChinaInstitute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, PR ChinaThe effects of different yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and austenite grain growth behavior of spring steel 55SiCr were investigated. The results show that the addition of yttrium in the early stage of smelting is beneficial to the deoxidation of molten steel, but basically no desulfurization effect. The inclusions were partially modified from SiO2–Al2O3–MgO into Y2O3–SiO2–Al2O3, which have no effects on refinement of austenite grain. However, the addition of yttrium at the later stage of smelting can simultaneously achieve the effects of deoxidization and desulfurization, and the yield of yttrium reaches to 34.6% from 12.0%. Meanwhile, the inclusions were completely modified into Y2O2S and YS, and the inclusions achieved fine dispersion distribution, and the micrograin size grade of austenite grains was increased from 4.79 to 6.09. The calculation of Gibbs free energy of inclusion formation shows that the inclusions generated with the oxygen content from high to low are Y2O3→Y2O2S→YS when yttrium is added to spring steel. In this study, it is recommended to add yttrium in the later smelting stage, which is beneficial to improve the yield of yttrium, deoxidation and desulfurization of molten steel, modification of inclusions and grain refinement.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425001632Spring steel 55SiCrRare earth yttriumInclusionModificationGrain |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Ma Yang Li Zhouhua Jiang Meng Sun Yunqie Mao Yanshuo Ma Yucheng Wang Tianci Li Yunfei Niedeng Rui Yang Hang Liu Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr Journal of Materials Research and Technology Spring steel 55SiCr Rare earth yttrium Inclusion Modification Grain |
| title | Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr |
| title_full | Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr |
| title_fullStr | Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr |
| title_short | Effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55SiCr |
| title_sort | effect of yttrium addition timing on inclusion evolution and grain growth behavior in spring steel 55sicr |
| topic | Spring steel 55SiCr Rare earth yttrium Inclusion Modification Grain |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425001632 |
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