Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters
Abstract A suspected 443-486 kt of methane escaped from the Nord Stream pipelines in September 2022 at four explosion sites across three pipelines. Much of this methane rapidly escaped to the atmosphere, while an unknown amount was dissolved. We use sustained high-resolution observations of methane...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53779-0 |
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| _version_ | 1832594656271007744 |
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| author | Martin Mohrmann Louise C. Biddle Gregor Rehder Henry C. Bittig Bastien Y. Queste |
| author_facet | Martin Mohrmann Louise C. Biddle Gregor Rehder Henry C. Bittig Bastien Y. Queste |
| author_sort | Martin Mohrmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract A suspected 443-486 kt of methane escaped from the Nord Stream pipelines in September 2022 at four explosion sites across three pipelines. Much of this methane rapidly escaped to the atmosphere, while an unknown amount was dissolved. We use sustained high-resolution observations of methane concentrations from autonomous gliders and an instrumented ship of opportunity to reveal the timing and spread of dissolved methane across different Baltic regions and marine protected areas. Estimates of methane spread and concentrations are essential to understand the ecosystem response, and for establishing accurate priors for atmospheric outgassing and transport models. A numerical model, initialized by engineering estimates and our observations, enables us to constrain the mass of locally dissolved Nord Stream methane (9.5-14.7 kt). We show that dissolved methane decreased rapidly through outgassing, however initial concentrations were so high that 14% of the Baltic Sea still experienced concentrations 5 times greater than average natural levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc6aa2eabbaa4072a5c0de8bcbb4dd89 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc6aa2eabbaa4072a5c0de8bcbb4dd892025-01-19T12:30:16ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-011611810.1038/s41467-024-53779-0Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic watersMartin Mohrmann0Louise C. Biddle1Gregor Rehder2Henry C. Bittig3Bastien Y. Queste4Voice of the Ocean FoundationVoice of the Ocean FoundationLeibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchLeibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea ResearchDepartment of Marine Science, University of GothenburgAbstract A suspected 443-486 kt of methane escaped from the Nord Stream pipelines in September 2022 at four explosion sites across three pipelines. Much of this methane rapidly escaped to the atmosphere, while an unknown amount was dissolved. We use sustained high-resolution observations of methane concentrations from autonomous gliders and an instrumented ship of opportunity to reveal the timing and spread of dissolved methane across different Baltic regions and marine protected areas. Estimates of methane spread and concentrations are essential to understand the ecosystem response, and for establishing accurate priors for atmospheric outgassing and transport models. A numerical model, initialized by engineering estimates and our observations, enables us to constrain the mass of locally dissolved Nord Stream methane (9.5-14.7 kt). We show that dissolved methane decreased rapidly through outgassing, however initial concentrations were so high that 14% of the Baltic Sea still experienced concentrations 5 times greater than average natural levels.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53779-0 |
| spellingShingle | Martin Mohrmann Louise C. Biddle Gregor Rehder Henry C. Bittig Bastien Y. Queste Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters Nature Communications |
| title | Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters |
| title_full | Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters |
| title_fullStr | Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters |
| title_short | Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters |
| title_sort | nord stream methane leaks spread across 14 of baltic waters |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53779-0 |
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