The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation

Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE), caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), is a key disease of goats, with chronic inflammation of joints and brain symptoms leading to losses in milk production and animal trade. In this study, we analyzed gene expressions in the milk somatic cells (MSCs)...

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Main Authors: Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak, Alicja Majewska, Joanna Magdalena Zarzyńska, Jarosław Kaba, Emilia Bagnicka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/944
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author Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
Alicja Majewska
Joanna Magdalena Zarzyńska
Jarosław Kaba
Emilia Bagnicka
author_facet Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
Alicja Majewska
Joanna Magdalena Zarzyńska
Jarosław Kaba
Emilia Bagnicka
author_sort Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
collection DOAJ
description Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE), caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), is a key disease of goats, with chronic inflammation of joints and brain symptoms leading to losses in milk production and animal trade. In this study, we analyzed gene expressions in the milk somatic cells (MSCs) of seropositive (SRLV-SP) and seronegative (SRLV-SN) goats to identify transcriptomic changes using a non-invasive sampling method. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on goats of two Polish breeds (Polish Improved White and Polish Improved Fawn), which were kept at the Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, during their first lactation. MSCs were isolated from milk, and gene expression was analyzed using the Goat Gene Expression Microarray. The results were verified by RT-qPCR for five genes (<i>DUSP26</i>, <i>PRLR</i>, <i>SCARA3</i>, <i>APBB2</i>, <i>OR4F4</i>). Statistical analysis was performed in GeneSpring 12 software. Results: Microarrays showed reduced expression of <i>DUSP26</i>, <i>PRLR</i>, <i>SCARA3</i>, <i>APBB2</i>, and <i>OR4F4</i> genes in SRLV-SP goats. RT-qPCR confirmed changes for <i>DUSP26</i>, <i>SCARA3</i>, and <i>APBB2</i>. Functional analysis indicated associations with immune processes and HIV-like pathways. Discussion: The results suggest that SRLV induces transcriptomic perturbations, especially in immunity-related genes. MSCs are an effective model for non-invasive studies, and further studies may support strategies for combating CAE.
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spelling doaj-art-db59acb2d6ba44f08b4df60414f93e6d2025-08-20T03:56:46ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-07-0117794410.3390/v17070944The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First LactationJoanna Pławińska-Czarnak0Alicja Majewska1Joanna Magdalena Zarzyńska2Jarosław Kaba3Emilia Bagnicka4Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Physiology Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, PolandCaprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE), caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), is a key disease of goats, with chronic inflammation of joints and brain symptoms leading to losses in milk production and animal trade. In this study, we analyzed gene expressions in the milk somatic cells (MSCs) of seropositive (SRLV-SP) and seronegative (SRLV-SN) goats to identify transcriptomic changes using a non-invasive sampling method. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on goats of two Polish breeds (Polish Improved White and Polish Improved Fawn), which were kept at the Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, during their first lactation. MSCs were isolated from milk, and gene expression was analyzed using the Goat Gene Expression Microarray. The results were verified by RT-qPCR for five genes (<i>DUSP26</i>, <i>PRLR</i>, <i>SCARA3</i>, <i>APBB2</i>, <i>OR4F4</i>). Statistical analysis was performed in GeneSpring 12 software. Results: Microarrays showed reduced expression of <i>DUSP26</i>, <i>PRLR</i>, <i>SCARA3</i>, <i>APBB2</i>, and <i>OR4F4</i> genes in SRLV-SP goats. RT-qPCR confirmed changes for <i>DUSP26</i>, <i>SCARA3</i>, and <i>APBB2</i>. Functional analysis indicated associations with immune processes and HIV-like pathways. Discussion: The results suggest that SRLV induces transcriptomic perturbations, especially in immunity-related genes. MSCs are an effective model for non-invasive studies, and further studies may support strategies for combating CAE.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/944goatmilk somatic cellssmall ruminant lentivirusmicroarraygene expression<i>DUSP26</i>
spellingShingle Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
Alicja Majewska
Joanna Magdalena Zarzyńska
Jarosław Kaba
Emilia Bagnicka
The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation
Viruses
goat
milk somatic cells
small ruminant lentivirus
microarray
gene expression
<i>DUSP26</i>
title The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation
title_full The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation
title_fullStr The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation
title_full_unstemmed The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation
title_short The Gene Expression Profile of Milk Somatic Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and -Seronegative Dairy Goats (<i>Capra hircus</i>) During Their First Lactation
title_sort gene expression profile of milk somatic cells of small ruminant lentivirus seropositive and seronegative dairy goats i capra hircus i during their first lactation
topic goat
milk somatic cells
small ruminant lentivirus
microarray
gene expression
<i>DUSP26</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/7/944
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