A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation
Abstract This study investigates the influence of printing parameters on the tensile properties and void architecture of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) parts fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Two Taguchi optimisation methods were employed to identify the optimal parameter com...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87348-2 |
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| author | Mirza Faizaan Satish Shenoy Baloor Srinivas Nunna Ravindra Mallya Sathish Rao Udupi Chandrakant Ramanath Kini Sitarama Raju Kada Claudia Creighton |
| author_facet | Mirza Faizaan Satish Shenoy Baloor Srinivas Nunna Ravindra Mallya Sathish Rao Udupi Chandrakant Ramanath Kini Sitarama Raju Kada Claudia Creighton |
| author_sort | Mirza Faizaan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study investigates the influence of printing parameters on the tensile properties and void architecture of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) parts fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Two Taguchi optimisation methods were employed to identify the optimal parameter combinations for maximising tensile performance. The results revealed a positive correlation between tensile performance and nozzle diameter (ND). Notably, the analysis of the coefficient of variance (COV) studies revealed that both tensile strength and modulus exhibited minimal variation within a tight range of 5.5%, suggesting a high degree of process consistency in achieving desired mechanical properties regardless of the chosen parameters within the investigated range. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was used to quantify void characteristics within the as-printed samples. Micro-CT analysis confirmed the influence of ND and layer thickness (LT) on void architecture. By establishing structure–property relationships, the study revealed that larger NDs paired with finer LTs yielded superior tensile properties due to reduced void content. This work highlights the interplay between printing parameters, void architecture, and the resulting mechanical behaviour of MEX-based PLA parts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db28c8318d0c4b779f9d8b91158ec0be |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-db28c8318d0c4b779f9d8b91158ec0be2025-01-26T12:32:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-87348-2A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisationMirza Faizaan0Satish Shenoy Baloor1Srinivas Nunna2Ravindra Mallya3Sathish Rao Udupi4Chandrakant Ramanath Kini5Sitarama Raju Kada6Claudia Creighton7Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationInstitute for Frontier Materials, Deakin UniversityDepartment of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationInstitute for Frontier Materials, Deakin UniversityInstitute for Frontier Materials, Deakin UniversityAbstract This study investigates the influence of printing parameters on the tensile properties and void architecture of poly(lactic) acid (PLA) parts fabricated using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Two Taguchi optimisation methods were employed to identify the optimal parameter combinations for maximising tensile performance. The results revealed a positive correlation between tensile performance and nozzle diameter (ND). Notably, the analysis of the coefficient of variance (COV) studies revealed that both tensile strength and modulus exhibited minimal variation within a tight range of 5.5%, suggesting a high degree of process consistency in achieving desired mechanical properties regardless of the chosen parameters within the investigated range. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was used to quantify void characteristics within the as-printed samples. Micro-CT analysis confirmed the influence of ND and layer thickness (LT) on void architecture. By establishing structure–property relationships, the study revealed that larger NDs paired with finer LTs yielded superior tensile properties due to reduced void content. This work highlights the interplay between printing parameters, void architecture, and the resulting mechanical behaviour of MEX-based PLA parts.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87348-2Fused deposition modeling (FDM)3D printingPLATensile propertiesTaguchiMicro-CT |
| spellingShingle | Mirza Faizaan Satish Shenoy Baloor Srinivas Nunna Ravindra Mallya Sathish Rao Udupi Chandrakant Ramanath Kini Sitarama Raju Kada Claudia Creighton A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation Scientific Reports Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing PLA Tensile properties Taguchi Micro-CT |
| title | A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation |
| title_full | A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation |
| title_fullStr | A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation |
| title_short | A study on the overall variance and void architecture on MEX-PLA tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation |
| title_sort | study on the overall variance and void architecture on mex pla tensile properties through printing parameter optimisation |
| topic | Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing PLA Tensile properties Taguchi Micro-CT |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87348-2 |
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