Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production
Abstract The development of silicon (Si) material poses a great challenge with profound technological advancements for semiconductors, photo/photoelectric systems, solar cells, and secondary batteries. Typically, Si production involves the thermochemical reduction of silicon oxides, where chloride s...
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202412239 |
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| author | Minjun Je Jin Chul Kim Jiyeon Kim Sungho Kim Sunmin Ryu Jaegeon Ryu Sang Kyu Kwak Soojin Park |
| author_facet | Minjun Je Jin Chul Kim Jiyeon Kim Sungho Kim Sunmin Ryu Jaegeon Ryu Sang Kyu Kwak Soojin Park |
| author_sort | Minjun Je |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The development of silicon (Si) material poses a great challenge with profound technological advancements for semiconductors, photo/photoelectric systems, solar cells, and secondary batteries. Typically, Si production involves the thermochemical reduction of silicon oxides, where chloride salt additives help properly revamp the reaction mechanism. Herein, we unravel the chemical principles of molten AlCl3 salt in metallothermic reduction. Above its melting temperature (Tm ≈ 192 °C), three AlCl3 molecules coordinate with each metal (M) atom (e.g., conventional Al and Mg, or even thermodynamically unfeasible Zn) to form metal‐AlCl3 complexes, M(AlCl3)3. In the molten AlCl3 salt media, all complexes directly lead to the universal formation of AlOCl byproduct and as‐reduced Si spheres through internal Cl* transfer during the reduction reaction. Intriguingly, highly oxophilic metal (i.e., Mg) establishes additional energetic shortcuts in reaction pathways, where AlCl3 directly detaches an oxygen atom, accompanied by strong metal‐oxygen interactions and Cl* transfer within the same complex. Moreover, the thermodynamic stability of the metal‐AlCl3 complex residue (MAl2Cl8) and the microstructure of post‐treated Si do change according to the metal choice, imparting disparate physicochemical properties for Si. This work offers insights into the scalable production of tailored Si materials for industrial applications, along with cost‐effective operations at 250 °C. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| spelling | doaj-art-db0f5da9a2d746dfbc1252b0b099753f2025-01-29T09:50:18ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-01-01124n/an/a10.1002/advs.202412239Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon ProductionMinjun Je0Jin Chul Kim1Jiyeon Kim2Sungho Kim3Sunmin Ryu4Jaegeon Ryu5Sang Kyu Kwak6Soojin Park7Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of KoreaSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 37673 Republic of KoreaAbstract The development of silicon (Si) material poses a great challenge with profound technological advancements for semiconductors, photo/photoelectric systems, solar cells, and secondary batteries. Typically, Si production involves the thermochemical reduction of silicon oxides, where chloride salt additives help properly revamp the reaction mechanism. Herein, we unravel the chemical principles of molten AlCl3 salt in metallothermic reduction. Above its melting temperature (Tm ≈ 192 °C), three AlCl3 molecules coordinate with each metal (M) atom (e.g., conventional Al and Mg, or even thermodynamically unfeasible Zn) to form metal‐AlCl3 complexes, M(AlCl3)3. In the molten AlCl3 salt media, all complexes directly lead to the universal formation of AlOCl byproduct and as‐reduced Si spheres through internal Cl* transfer during the reduction reaction. Intriguingly, highly oxophilic metal (i.e., Mg) establishes additional energetic shortcuts in reaction pathways, where AlCl3 directly detaches an oxygen atom, accompanied by strong metal‐oxygen interactions and Cl* transfer within the same complex. Moreover, the thermodynamic stability of the metal‐AlCl3 complex residue (MAl2Cl8) and the microstructure of post‐treated Si do change according to the metal choice, imparting disparate physicochemical properties for Si. This work offers insights into the scalable production of tailored Si materials for industrial applications, along with cost‐effective operations at 250 °C.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202412239lithium‐ion batteriesmolten salt‐based thermochemical reductionoxophilic metalsilicon productionthermodynamic change |
| spellingShingle | Minjun Je Jin Chul Kim Jiyeon Kim Sungho Kim Sunmin Ryu Jaegeon Ryu Sang Kyu Kwak Soojin Park Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production Advanced Science lithium‐ion batteries molten salt‐based thermochemical reduction oxophilic metal silicon production thermodynamic change |
| title | Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production |
| title_full | Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production |
| title_fullStr | Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production |
| title_short | Metal‐Mediated Chlorine Transfer for Molten Salt‐Driven Thermodynamic Change on Silicon Production |
| title_sort | metal mediated chlorine transfer for molten salt driven thermodynamic change on silicon production |
| topic | lithium‐ion batteries molten salt‐based thermochemical reduction oxophilic metal silicon production thermodynamic change |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202412239 |
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