Multi-Objective Optimization of Urban Residential Envelope Structures in Cold Regions of China Based on Performance and Economic Efficiency

China’s urban residential building stock is extensive and spans a wide range of construction periods. With the continuous enhancement of building energy efficiency standards, the chronological characteristics and variability of residential building envelopes are evident. Through field research and t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kezheng Deng, Yanqiu Cui, Qingtan Deng, Ruixia Liu, Zhengshu Chen, Siyu Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/13/2365
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