Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED)
Utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with shape memory alloys (SMAs) like NiTi shows great promise for fabricating highly flexible and functionally superior 3D metallic structures. Compared to methods relying on powder feedstocks, wire-based additive manufacturing processes provide a via...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/1/15 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588310652911616 |
|---|---|
| author | Hediyeh Dabbaghi Nasrin Taheri Andani Mohammad Pourshams Mahyar Sojoodi Behrang Poorganji Mohammad Elahinia |
| author_facet | Hediyeh Dabbaghi Nasrin Taheri Andani Mohammad Pourshams Mahyar Sojoodi Behrang Poorganji Mohammad Elahinia |
| author_sort | Hediyeh Dabbaghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with shape memory alloys (SMAs) like NiTi shows great promise for fabricating highly flexible and functionally superior 3D metallic structures. Compared to methods relying on powder feedstocks, wire-based additive manufacturing processes provide a viable alternative, addressing challenges such as chemical composition instability, material availability, higher feedstock costs, and limitations on part size while simplifying process development. This study presented a novel approach by thoroughly assessing the printability of Ni-rich Ni55.94Ti (Wt. %) SMA using the wire laser-directed energy deposition (WL-DED) technique, addressing the existing knowledge gap regarding the laser wire-feed metal additive manufacturing of NiTi alloys. For the first time, the impact of processing parameters—specifically laser power (400–1000 W) and transverse speed (300–900 mm/min)—on single-track fabrication using NiTi wires in the WL-DED process was examined. An optimal range of process parameters was determined to achieve high-quality prints with minimal defects, such as wire dripping, stubbing, and overfilling. Building upon these findings, we printed five distinct cubes, demonstrating the feasibility of producing nearly porosity-free specimens. Notably, this study investigated the effect of energy density on the printed part density, impurity pick-up, transformation temperature, and hardness of the manufactured NiTi cubes. The results from the cube study demonstrated that varying energy densities (46.66–70 J/mm<sup>3</sup>) significantly affected the quality of the deposits. Lower to intermediate energy densities achieved high relative densities (>99%) and favorable phase transformation temperatures. In contrast, higher energy densities led to instability in melt pool shape, increased porosity, and discrepancies in phase transformation temperatures. These findings highlighted the critical role of precise parameter control in achieving functional NiTi parts and offer valuable insights for advancing AM techniques in fabricating larger high-quality NiTi components. Additionally, our research highlighted important considerations for civil engineering applications, particularly in the development of seismic dampers for energy dissipation in structures, offering a promising solution for enhancing structural performance and energy management in critical infrastructure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d9112cfed72d4b6fac5b27a8aa2c56b8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2504-4494 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9112cfed72d4b6fac5b27a8aa2c56b82025-01-24T13:36:27ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942025-01-01911510.3390/jmmp9010015Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED)Hediyeh Dabbaghi0Nasrin Taheri Andani1Mohammad Pourshams2Mahyar Sojoodi3Behrang Poorganji4Mohammad Elahinia5Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USAUtilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with shape memory alloys (SMAs) like NiTi shows great promise for fabricating highly flexible and functionally superior 3D metallic structures. Compared to methods relying on powder feedstocks, wire-based additive manufacturing processes provide a viable alternative, addressing challenges such as chemical composition instability, material availability, higher feedstock costs, and limitations on part size while simplifying process development. This study presented a novel approach by thoroughly assessing the printability of Ni-rich Ni55.94Ti (Wt. %) SMA using the wire laser-directed energy deposition (WL-DED) technique, addressing the existing knowledge gap regarding the laser wire-feed metal additive manufacturing of NiTi alloys. For the first time, the impact of processing parameters—specifically laser power (400–1000 W) and transverse speed (300–900 mm/min)—on single-track fabrication using NiTi wires in the WL-DED process was examined. An optimal range of process parameters was determined to achieve high-quality prints with minimal defects, such as wire dripping, stubbing, and overfilling. Building upon these findings, we printed five distinct cubes, demonstrating the feasibility of producing nearly porosity-free specimens. Notably, this study investigated the effect of energy density on the printed part density, impurity pick-up, transformation temperature, and hardness of the manufactured NiTi cubes. The results from the cube study demonstrated that varying energy densities (46.66–70 J/mm<sup>3</sup>) significantly affected the quality of the deposits. Lower to intermediate energy densities achieved high relative densities (>99%) and favorable phase transformation temperatures. In contrast, higher energy densities led to instability in melt pool shape, increased porosity, and discrepancies in phase transformation temperatures. These findings highlighted the critical role of precise parameter control in achieving functional NiTi parts and offer valuable insights for advancing AM techniques in fabricating larger high-quality NiTi components. Additionally, our research highlighted important considerations for civil engineering applications, particularly in the development of seismic dampers for energy dissipation in structures, offering a promising solution for enhancing structural performance and energy management in critical infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/1/15additive manufacturing (AM)shape memory alloys (SMAs)Ni-rich NiTiwire laser-directed energy deposition (WL-DED)printability assessment |
| spellingShingle | Hediyeh Dabbaghi Nasrin Taheri Andani Mohammad Pourshams Mahyar Sojoodi Behrang Poorganji Mohammad Elahinia Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED) Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing additive manufacturing (AM) shape memory alloys (SMAs) Ni-rich NiTi wire laser-directed energy deposition (WL-DED) printability assessment |
| title | Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED) |
| title_full | Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED) |
| title_fullStr | Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED) |
| title_short | Processability and Material Behavior of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys Using Wire Laser-Directed Energy Deposition (WL-DED) |
| title_sort | processability and material behavior of niti shape memory alloys using wire laser directed energy deposition wl ded |
| topic | additive manufacturing (AM) shape memory alloys (SMAs) Ni-rich NiTi wire laser-directed energy deposition (WL-DED) printability assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/1/15 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hediyehdabbaghi processabilityandmaterialbehaviorofnitishapememoryalloysusingwirelaserdirectedenergydepositionwlded AT nasrintaheriandani processabilityandmaterialbehaviorofnitishapememoryalloysusingwirelaserdirectedenergydepositionwlded AT mohammadpourshams processabilityandmaterialbehaviorofnitishapememoryalloysusingwirelaserdirectedenergydepositionwlded AT mahyarsojoodi processabilityandmaterialbehaviorofnitishapememoryalloysusingwirelaserdirectedenergydepositionwlded AT behrangpoorganji processabilityandmaterialbehaviorofnitishapememoryalloysusingwirelaserdirectedenergydepositionwlded AT mohammadelahinia processabilityandmaterialbehaviorofnitishapememoryalloysusingwirelaserdirectedenergydepositionwlded |