Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is the most important species in marine aquaculture in terms of production volume, and it is regarded as a remarkable example of the industry’s development. Yet, its importance is expected to grow manifolds in the future, and to ensure its expansion in a sustainable way...

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Main Authors: Javier Cantillo, Paritosh C. Deshpande
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424006896
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author Javier Cantillo
Paritosh C. Deshpande
author_facet Javier Cantillo
Paritosh C. Deshpande
author_sort Javier Cantillo
collection DOAJ
description Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is the most important species in marine aquaculture in terms of production volume, and it is regarded as a remarkable example of the industry’s development. Yet, its importance is expected to grow manifolds in the future, and to ensure its expansion in a sustainable way, alternative feed ingredients are needed. In this study, we used systematic literature reviews as a research method to identify recent potential alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon aquaculture and to determine the hotspots of the carbon footprint of these proteins. The findings according to the volumes of papers reviewed in the literature, revealed a strong interest in the recent literature on insect and single-cell proteins, both in their effects on Atlantic salmon aquaculture and their carbon footprint analysis. Both protein groups have emerged in the literature as suitable replacements for more traditional diets. Furthermore, studies assessing their carbon footprint revealed that activities such as the production of the substrates/feed/fertilizer used in cultivation/rearing, as well as the energy required for production or processing stages, are the most significant contributors to the carbon footprint. Other types of protein sources studied in the literature included marine proteins, terrestrial animal by-products, and plant-based proteins. For each protein type and its identified alternatives, we analysed the implications of their carbon footprint performance findings and discussed future opportunities and prospects.
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spelling doaj-art-d726284785c64d98833597f3f477d9422025-02-06T05:12:16ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342025-03-0140102601Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature reviewJavier Cantillo0Paritosh C. Deshpande1Corresponding author.; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Trondheim, NorwayNorwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Trondheim, NorwayAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is the most important species in marine aquaculture in terms of production volume, and it is regarded as a remarkable example of the industry’s development. Yet, its importance is expected to grow manifolds in the future, and to ensure its expansion in a sustainable way, alternative feed ingredients are needed. In this study, we used systematic literature reviews as a research method to identify recent potential alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon aquaculture and to determine the hotspots of the carbon footprint of these proteins. The findings according to the volumes of papers reviewed in the literature, revealed a strong interest in the recent literature on insect and single-cell proteins, both in their effects on Atlantic salmon aquaculture and their carbon footprint analysis. Both protein groups have emerged in the literature as suitable replacements for more traditional diets. Furthermore, studies assessing their carbon footprint revealed that activities such as the production of the substrates/feed/fertilizer used in cultivation/rearing, as well as the energy required for production or processing stages, are the most significant contributors to the carbon footprint. Other types of protein sources studied in the literature included marine proteins, terrestrial animal by-products, and plant-based proteins. For each protein type and its identified alternatives, we analysed the implications of their carbon footprint performance findings and discussed future opportunities and prospects.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424006896Alternative ingredientsInsect proteinsSingle-cell proteinsPlant-based proteinsMarine proteinsTerrestrial animal by-product proteins
spellingShingle Javier Cantillo
Paritosh C. Deshpande
Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review
Aquaculture Reports
Alternative ingredients
Insect proteins
Single-cell proteins
Plant-based proteins
Marine proteins
Terrestrial animal by-product proteins
title Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review
title_full Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review
title_fullStr Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review
title_full_unstemmed Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review
title_short Carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture: A two-step systematic literature review
title_sort carbon footprint of alternative protein sources for atlantic salmon salmo salar aquaculture a two step systematic literature review
topic Alternative ingredients
Insect proteins
Single-cell proteins
Plant-based proteins
Marine proteins
Terrestrial animal by-product proteins
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513424006896
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