Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences
IntroductionDental pain is a multifactorial and unpleasant experience that negatively affects daily activities. Previous studies have shown that adults living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas showed higher dental pain prevalence. This study evaluated whether income inequalities are related t...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1510345/full |
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| author | Carolina Veloso Lima Alanna Barros de Arruda Mayara dos Santos Noronha Aline Araujo Sampaio Marise Fagundes Silveira Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima Martins Raquel Conceição Ferreira Aline Netto de Godoy Daniela Marques da Silva Sousa Patrick Pereira Garcia Cyrene Piazera Silva Costa João Gabriel Silva Souza Bárbara Emanoele Costa Oliveira |
| author_facet | Carolina Veloso Lima Alanna Barros de Arruda Mayara dos Santos Noronha Aline Araujo Sampaio Marise Fagundes Silveira Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima Martins Raquel Conceição Ferreira Aline Netto de Godoy Daniela Marques da Silva Sousa Patrick Pereira Garcia Cyrene Piazera Silva Costa João Gabriel Silva Souza Bárbara Emanoele Costa Oliveira |
| author_sort | Carolina Veloso Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionDental pain is a multifactorial and unpleasant experience that negatively affects daily activities. Previous studies have shown that adults living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas showed higher dental pain prevalence. This study evaluated whether income inequalities are related to increased dental pain intensity among adults and identified differences between women and men.MethodsA probabilistic sample of adults was investigated, and income inequality was evaluated using the Gini Index. Dental pain intensity was recorded on a scale from 1–10 for those who experienced dental pain in the 6 months preceding the survey. The covariates were contextual (related to cities) and individual (related to individuals). Associations were investigated for the entire sample and stratified by gender using multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsDental pain was reported by 41% of the included sample (n = 4,512 adults). Maximum pain intensity was reported more frequently for women than for men. Those living in municipalities with higher Gini Index values reported 1.26 times (95% CI: 1.01–1.56) greater dental pain intensity compared to adults living in cities with lower Gini Index values, even after adjustment by variables. The same pattern was observed when stratified by gender, but it was not statistically significant.ConclusionThus, the contexts of income inequalities can contribute to more severe dental pain intensity among adults. Also, the findings suggest that income inequality does not modify the relationship between gender and dental pain intensity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d7261cef3baf44f8a39218ba8e3ad088 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-4842 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-d7261cef3baf44f8a39218ba8e3ad0882025-01-23T12:17:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oral Health2673-48422025-01-01610.3389/froh.2025.15103451510345Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differencesCarolina Veloso Lima0Alanna Barros de Arruda1Mayara dos Santos Noronha2Aline Araujo Sampaio3Marise Fagundes Silveira4Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima Martins5Raquel Conceição Ferreira6Aline Netto de Godoy7Daniela Marques da Silva Sousa8Patrick Pereira Garcia9Cyrene Piazera Silva Costa10João Gabriel Silva Souza11Bárbara Emanoele Costa Oliveira12Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, University CEUMA, São Luís, BrazilPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, BrazilDental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilHealth Science Programme, University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, BrazilHealth Science Programme, University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, BrazilDental School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilDental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, University CEUMA, São Luís, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, University CEUMA, São Luís, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, University CEUMA, São Luís, BrazilDental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, University CEUMA, São Luís, BrazilIntroductionDental pain is a multifactorial and unpleasant experience that negatively affects daily activities. Previous studies have shown that adults living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas showed higher dental pain prevalence. This study evaluated whether income inequalities are related to increased dental pain intensity among adults and identified differences between women and men.MethodsA probabilistic sample of adults was investigated, and income inequality was evaluated using the Gini Index. Dental pain intensity was recorded on a scale from 1–10 for those who experienced dental pain in the 6 months preceding the survey. The covariates were contextual (related to cities) and individual (related to individuals). Associations were investigated for the entire sample and stratified by gender using multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsDental pain was reported by 41% of the included sample (n = 4,512 adults). Maximum pain intensity was reported more frequently for women than for men. Those living in municipalities with higher Gini Index values reported 1.26 times (95% CI: 1.01–1.56) greater dental pain intensity compared to adults living in cities with lower Gini Index values, even after adjustment by variables. The same pattern was observed when stratified by gender, but it was not statistically significant.ConclusionThus, the contexts of income inequalities can contribute to more severe dental pain intensity among adults. Also, the findings suggest that income inequality does not modify the relationship between gender and dental pain intensity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1510345/fulltoothacheadulthealth inequitiesoral healthepidemiological |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Veloso Lima Alanna Barros de Arruda Mayara dos Santos Noronha Aline Araujo Sampaio Marise Fagundes Silveira Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima Martins Raquel Conceição Ferreira Aline Netto de Godoy Daniela Marques da Silva Sousa Patrick Pereira Garcia Cyrene Piazera Silva Costa João Gabriel Silva Souza Bárbara Emanoele Costa Oliveira Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences Frontiers in Oral Health toothache adult health inequities oral health epidemiological |
| title | Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences |
| title_full | Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences |
| title_fullStr | Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences |
| title_short | Income-related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults: gender differences |
| title_sort | income related inequalities in the prevalence of dental pain intensity in adults gender differences |
| topic | toothache adult health inequities oral health epidemiological |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1510345/full |
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