A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity
<b>Purpose</b>: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. <b>Methods</b>: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technolo...
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| author | Ian J Neeland Luiz H de Gregório Roberto Zagury Bo Ahrén Joel Neutel Christian Darimont John Corthesy Yohan Grzywinski Emilie Perrin Maximilian von Eynatten Odd Erik Johansen |
| author_facet | Ian J Neeland Luiz H de Gregório Roberto Zagury Bo Ahrén Joel Neutel Christian Darimont John Corthesy Yohan Grzywinski Emilie Perrin Maximilian von Eynatten Odd Erik Johansen |
| author_sort | Ian J Neeland |
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| description | <b>Purpose</b>: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. <b>Methods</b>: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technology (WPM), in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity (NCT04639726). In a randomized-crossover design, participants performed two 240 min lunch meal (622 kcal) tests 7 ± 4 days apart. After an overnight fast and a standardized breakfast, 10 g (125 mL) WPM (40 kcal) or placebo (125 mL water, 0 kcal) was consumed 15 min ahead of the mixed-nutrient meal. Effects on PPG (primary endpoint), insulin, GLP-1, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were evaluated with frequent blood sampling. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) were compared using a mixed model. <b>Results</b>: Twenty-six individuals (14 females, mean ± SD age 62.0 ± 8.3 years, HbA1c 58 ± 12 mmol/mol/7.5 ± 1.1%, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) completed both tests. WPM significantly reduced PPG iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> by 22% (<i>p</i> = 0.028), and iAUC<sub>0–3h</sub> numerically by −18% (<i>p</i> = 0.090) vs. placebo. WPM also increased insulin iAUC<sub>0–1h</sub> by 61% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and iAUC<sub>0–3h</sub> by 30% (<i>p</i> = 0.004), respectively. Total GLP-1 iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> was enhanced by 66% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Postprandial plasma BCAA patterns were characterized by a rapid increase and larger iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) after WPM. No adverse events were ascribed to consuming WPM. <b>Conclusions</b>: A 125 mL pre-meal drink containing just 10 g WPM before a mixed meal reduced PPG and increased insulin, GLP-1, and BCAAs. WPM may therefore serve as a metabolic modulator in people with T2D living with overweight or obesity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d325d3232ce84f439d316b150ccb7f51 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-d325d3232ce84f439d316b150ccb7f512025-01-24T13:41:20ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-01-011516110.3390/metabo15010061A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or ObesityIan J Neeland0Luiz H de Gregório1Roberto Zagury2Bo Ahrén3Joel Neutel4Christian Darimont5John Corthesy6Yohan Grzywinski7Emilie Perrin8Maximilian von Eynatten9Odd Erik Johansen10Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAIBPClin, Rio de Janeiro 20241-180, BrazilHuman Performance Lab, Rio de Janeiro 22271-070, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, SwedenOrange County Research Center, Tustin, CA 92780, USASociete de Produits Nestlé, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSociete de Produits Nestlé, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSociete de Produits Nestlé, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandSOCAR Research SA,1260 Nyon, SwitzerlandNestlé Health Science, 1000 Lausanne, SwitzerlandNestlé Health Science, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland<b>Purpose</b>: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. <b>Methods</b>: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technology (WPM), in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity (NCT04639726). In a randomized-crossover design, participants performed two 240 min lunch meal (622 kcal) tests 7 ± 4 days apart. After an overnight fast and a standardized breakfast, 10 g (125 mL) WPM (40 kcal) or placebo (125 mL water, 0 kcal) was consumed 15 min ahead of the mixed-nutrient meal. Effects on PPG (primary endpoint), insulin, GLP-1, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were evaluated with frequent blood sampling. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) were compared using a mixed model. <b>Results</b>: Twenty-six individuals (14 females, mean ± SD age 62.0 ± 8.3 years, HbA1c 58 ± 12 mmol/mol/7.5 ± 1.1%, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) completed both tests. WPM significantly reduced PPG iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> by 22% (<i>p</i> = 0.028), and iAUC<sub>0–3h</sub> numerically by −18% (<i>p</i> = 0.090) vs. placebo. WPM also increased insulin iAUC<sub>0–1h</sub> by 61% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and iAUC<sub>0–3h</sub> by 30% (<i>p</i> = 0.004), respectively. Total GLP-1 iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> was enhanced by 66% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Postprandial plasma BCAA patterns were characterized by a rapid increase and larger iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) after WPM. No adverse events were ascribed to consuming WPM. <b>Conclusions</b>: A 125 mL pre-meal drink containing just 10 g WPM before a mixed meal reduced PPG and increased insulin, GLP-1, and BCAAs. WPM may therefore serve as a metabolic modulator in people with T2D living with overweight or obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/61type 2 diabetesobesityGLP-1whey protein micellesinsulinamino acid |
| spellingShingle | Ian J Neeland Luiz H de Gregório Roberto Zagury Bo Ahrén Joel Neutel Christian Darimont John Corthesy Yohan Grzywinski Emilie Perrin Maximilian von Eynatten Odd Erik Johansen A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity Metabolites type 2 diabetes obesity GLP-1 whey protein micelles insulin amino acid |
| title | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity |
| title_full | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity |
| title_fullStr | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity |
| title_short | A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity |
| title_sort | randomized placebo controlled single center crossover study to evaluate the effects of pre meal whey protein microgel on post prandial glucometabolic and amino acid response in people with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity |
| topic | type 2 diabetes obesity GLP-1 whey protein micelles insulin amino acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/61 |
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