A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Center, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pre-Meal Whey Protein Microgel on Post-Prandial Glucometabolic and Amino Acid Response in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity
<b>Purpose</b>: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. <b>Methods</b>: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technolo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/61 |
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| Summary: | <b>Purpose</b>: Whey protein (WP) consumption prior to a meal curbs appetite and reduces postprandial glucose (PPG) through stimulating endogenous GLP-1 secretion and insulin. <b>Methods</b>: We assessed the metabolic effects of a concentrated WP, using a new micelle-technology (WPM), in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity (NCT04639726). In a randomized-crossover design, participants performed two 240 min lunch meal (622 kcal) tests 7 ± 4 days apart. After an overnight fast and a standardized breakfast, 10 g (125 mL) WPM (40 kcal) or placebo (125 mL water, 0 kcal) was consumed 15 min ahead of the mixed-nutrient meal. Effects on PPG (primary endpoint), insulin, GLP-1, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were evaluated with frequent blood sampling. Changes in incremental areas under the concentration curve (iAUC) were compared using a mixed model. <b>Results</b>: Twenty-six individuals (14 females, mean ± SD age 62.0 ± 8.3 years, HbA1c 58 ± 12 mmol/mol/7.5 ± 1.1%, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) completed both tests. WPM significantly reduced PPG iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> by 22% (<i>p</i> = 0.028), and iAUC<sub>0–3h</sub> numerically by −18% (<i>p</i> = 0.090) vs. placebo. WPM also increased insulin iAUC<sub>0–1h</sub> by 61% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and iAUC<sub>0–3h</sub> by 30% (<i>p</i> = 0.004), respectively. Total GLP-1 iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> was enhanced by 66% (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Postprandial plasma BCAA patterns were characterized by a rapid increase and larger iAUC<sub>0–2h</sub> (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) after WPM. No adverse events were ascribed to consuming WPM. <b>Conclusions</b>: A 125 mL pre-meal drink containing just 10 g WPM before a mixed meal reduced PPG and increased insulin, GLP-1, and BCAAs. WPM may therefore serve as a metabolic modulator in people with T2D living with overweight or obesity. |
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| ISSN: | 2218-1989 |