Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors?
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family includes key mediators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGFs are secreted by various cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin and by some immune cells in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. In addition, immune cells express V...
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2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/6 |
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| author | Cristina Maria Failla Maria Luigia Carbone Carmela Ramondino Emanuele Bruni Angela Orecchia |
| author_facet | Cristina Maria Failla Maria Luigia Carbone Carmela Ramondino Emanuele Bruni Angela Orecchia |
| author_sort | Cristina Maria Failla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family includes key mediators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGFs are secreted by various cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin and by some immune cells in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. In addition, immune cells express VEGF receptors and/or co-receptors and can respond to VEGFs in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This immunological role of VEGFs has opened the possibility of using the VEGF inhibitors already developed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis also in combination approaches with different immunotherapies to enhance the action of effector T lymphocytes against tumor cells. This review pursues to examine the current understanding of the interplay between VEGFs and the immune system, while identifying key areas that require further evaluation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d05831edf9524ff18fd348f4735dffd9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-d05831edf9524ff18fd348f4735dffd92025-01-24T13:23:41ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-12-01131610.3390/biomedicines13010006Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors?Cristina Maria Failla0Maria Luigia Carbone1Carmela Ramondino2Emanuele Bruni3Angela Orecchia4Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, ItalyClinical Trial Center, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, ItalyExperimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, ItalyDepartmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, ItalyContendEd Net, 00166 Rome, ItalyThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family includes key mediators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGFs are secreted by various cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin and by some immune cells in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. In addition, immune cells express VEGF receptors and/or co-receptors and can respond to VEGFs in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This immunological role of VEGFs has opened the possibility of using the VEGF inhibitors already developed to inhibit tumor angiogenesis also in combination approaches with different immunotherapies to enhance the action of effector T lymphocytes against tumor cells. This review pursues to examine the current understanding of the interplay between VEGFs and the immune system, while identifying key areas that require further evaluation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/6vascular angiogenic growth factorimmune cellstyrosine kinase inhibitorimmunotherapyangiogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Cristina Maria Failla Maria Luigia Carbone Carmela Ramondino Emanuele Bruni Angela Orecchia Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors? Biomedicines vascular angiogenic growth factor immune cells tyrosine kinase inhibitor immunotherapy angiogenesis |
| title | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors? |
| title_full | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors? |
| title_fullStr | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors? |
| title_short | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family and the Immune System: Activators or Inhibitors? |
| title_sort | vascular endothelial growth factor vegf family and the immune system activators or inhibitors |
| topic | vascular angiogenic growth factor immune cells tyrosine kinase inhibitor immunotherapy angiogenesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/6 |
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