Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause serious fetal disease. The seropositivity rates of these agents vary among countries and geographic regions. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence rates and diagnostic m...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Elmas Pinar Kahraman Kilbas Ihsan Hakki Ciftci Imdat Kilbas Hande Toptan |
| author_facet | Elmas Pinar Kahraman Kilbas Ihsan Hakki Ciftci Imdat Kilbas Hande Toptan |
| author_sort | Elmas Pinar Kahraman Kilbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause serious fetal disease. The seropositivity rates of these agents vary among countries and geographic regions. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence rates and diagnostic methods used in studies investigating the seroprevalence of viral pathogens in the TORCH group among pregnant women in Turkey between 2005 and 2024. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases between January 2005 and January 2024. A total of 60 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Data quality control was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline prevalence studies checklist. Heterogeneity was measured using the I-squared (I<sup>2</sup>) statistic in the Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) program. The average seropositivity rates for Rubella, CMV, HSV-2, HBV and HCV in Turkey were determined as 91.18%, 94.81%, 35.52%, 1.66% and 0.25%, respectively. When the diagnostic methods were examined, it was determined that ELISA and ECLIA methods were used most frequently. The seropositivity of the agents did not show statistically significant differences according to the year periods, geographical regions and age of the patients (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The highest prevalence rates of Rubella and HSV-2 in pregnant women were reported in the Mediterranean region, the highest prevalence rates of CMV and HCV in the Southeastern Anatolia region and the highest seroprevalence of Anti HBs in the Marmara region. The results of this study support the necessity of increasing public awareness in the control of fetal infection caused by TORCH viral agents, prenatal screening, vaccination for Rubella and HBV and compliance with hygiene conditions for agents such as CMV, HSV-2 and HCV. The results of this study highlight the need to increase public awareness on prenatal screening for the control of fetal infection caused by all TORCH viral agents, vaccination for Rubella and HBV and compliance with hygiene conditions for agents such as CMV, HSV-2 and HCV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce9adacf0d6c40d0adbfb2b2eef55c6d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce9adacf0d6c40d0adbfb2b2eef55c6d2025-01-24T13:44:41ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-01-011413710.3390/pathogens14010037Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisElmas Pinar Kahraman Kilbas0Ihsan Hakki Ciftci1Imdat Kilbas2Hande Toptan3Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Fenerbahce University, 34758 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54100 Sakarya, TurkeyMedical Microbiology Doctorate Program, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54100 Sakarya, TurkeyRubella Virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2), Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause serious fetal disease. The seropositivity rates of these agents vary among countries and geographic regions. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence rates and diagnostic methods used in studies investigating the seroprevalence of viral pathogens in the TORCH group among pregnant women in Turkey between 2005 and 2024. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases between January 2005 and January 2024. A total of 60 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Data quality control was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute guideline prevalence studies checklist. Heterogeneity was measured using the I-squared (I<sup>2</sup>) statistic in the Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) program. The average seropositivity rates for Rubella, CMV, HSV-2, HBV and HCV in Turkey were determined as 91.18%, 94.81%, 35.52%, 1.66% and 0.25%, respectively. When the diagnostic methods were examined, it was determined that ELISA and ECLIA methods were used most frequently. The seropositivity of the agents did not show statistically significant differences according to the year periods, geographical regions and age of the patients (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The highest prevalence rates of Rubella and HSV-2 in pregnant women were reported in the Mediterranean region, the highest prevalence rates of CMV and HCV in the Southeastern Anatolia region and the highest seroprevalence of Anti HBs in the Marmara region. The results of this study support the necessity of increasing public awareness in the control of fetal infection caused by TORCH viral agents, prenatal screening, vaccination for Rubella and HBV and compliance with hygiene conditions for agents such as CMV, HSV-2 and HCV. The results of this study highlight the need to increase public awareness on prenatal screening for the control of fetal infection caused by all TORCH viral agents, vaccination for Rubella and HBV and compliance with hygiene conditions for agents such as CMV, HSV-2 and HCV.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/37RubellaCytomegalovirusHepatitis BHepatitis CHerpes Simplex Virus |
| spellingShingle | Elmas Pinar Kahraman Kilbas Ihsan Hakki Ciftci Imdat Kilbas Hande Toptan Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Pathogens Rubella Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Herpes Simplex Virus |
| title | Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Seroprevalence of TORCH Viral Agents in Pregnant Women in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | seroprevalence of torch viral agents in pregnant women in turkey systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Rubella Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Herpes Simplex Virus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/37 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elmaspinarkahramankilbas seroprevalenceoftorchviralagentsinpregnantwomeninturkeysystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT ihsanhakkiciftci seroprevalenceoftorchviralagentsinpregnantwomeninturkeysystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT imdatkilbas seroprevalenceoftorchviralagentsinpregnantwomeninturkeysystematicreviewandmetaanalysis AT handetoptan seroprevalenceoftorchviralagentsinpregnantwomeninturkeysystematicreviewandmetaanalysis |