Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms
Abstract Background Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia. Various insecticides, including pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides; growth regulators; and biological insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, have...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06624-8 |
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| author | María Claudia Atencia-Pineda Javier García-Leal Diana Diaz-Ortiz Paula Pareja-Loaiza Lisandro Pacheco-Lugo Richard Hoyos-López Alfonso Calderón-Rangel Pedro Fragozo-Castilla Selene M. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Adriana E. Flores Ronald Maestre-Serrano |
| author_facet | María Claudia Atencia-Pineda Javier García-Leal Diana Diaz-Ortiz Paula Pareja-Loaiza Lisandro Pacheco-Lugo Richard Hoyos-López Alfonso Calderón-Rangel Pedro Fragozo-Castilla Selene M. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Adriana E. Flores Ronald Maestre-Serrano |
| author_sort | María Claudia Atencia-Pineda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia. Various insecticides, including pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides; growth regulators; and biological insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, have been used to control Ae. aegypti populations. However, organophosphates such as malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, and temephos have been used over the last decade owing to the high resistance to pyrethroids. Methods This study assessed the susceptibility to organophosphates in 14 Ae. aegypti populations from the Córdoba department in northern Colombia. Moreover, possible resistance mechanisms were investigated by determining the activity levels of α-esterases, β-esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFOs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (iAChE). Additionally, the Ace-1 gene was sequenced to identify mutations at the target site of action. Results The populations were susceptible to temephos and malathion but resistant to fenitrothion, and in three of them, to pirimiphos-methyl. Alterations in the enzyme activity levels of α-esterases and β-esterases, GST, and iAChE were observed among the populations, with high enzyme activity levels of α and β esterases associated with resistance to fenitrothion. No mutations were identified in the Ace-1 gene. Conclusions These findings are highly relevant for vector control programs in the region, as they allow for adjustments in resistance management strategies and improve the effectiveness of interventions against these arboviruses. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd7976b50b0b4b81816fef729ab367f6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd7976b50b0b4b81816fef729ab367f62025-01-19T12:12:13ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052025-01-0118111110.1186/s13071-024-06624-8Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanismsMaría Claudia Atencia-Pineda0Javier García-Leal1Diana Diaz-Ortiz2Paula Pareja-Loaiza3Lisandro Pacheco-Lugo4Richard Hoyos-López5Alfonso Calderón-Rangel6Pedro Fragozo-Castilla7Selene M. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez8Adriana E. Flores9Ronald Maestre-Serrano10Doctorado en Microbiología y Salud Tropical, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de CórdobaFacultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón BolívarFacultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón BolívarFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón BolívarFacultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón BolívarInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT), Universidad de CórdobaInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT), Universidad de CórdobaGrupo de Investigación Parasitología Agroecología Milenio, Universidad Popular del CesarFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón BolívarAbstract Background Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in Colombia. Various insecticides, including pyrethroid, organophosphate, and carbamate insecticides; growth regulators; and biological insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, have been used to control Ae. aegypti populations. However, organophosphates such as malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, and temephos have been used over the last decade owing to the high resistance to pyrethroids. Methods This study assessed the susceptibility to organophosphates in 14 Ae. aegypti populations from the Córdoba department in northern Colombia. Moreover, possible resistance mechanisms were investigated by determining the activity levels of α-esterases, β-esterases, mixed function oxidases (MFOs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (iAChE). Additionally, the Ace-1 gene was sequenced to identify mutations at the target site of action. Results The populations were susceptible to temephos and malathion but resistant to fenitrothion, and in three of them, to pirimiphos-methyl. Alterations in the enzyme activity levels of α-esterases and β-esterases, GST, and iAChE were observed among the populations, with high enzyme activity levels of α and β esterases associated with resistance to fenitrothion. No mutations were identified in the Ace-1 gene. Conclusions These findings are highly relevant for vector control programs in the region, as they allow for adjustments in resistance management strategies and improve the effectiveness of interventions against these arboviruses. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06624-8OrganophosphatesAedes aegyptiSusceptibility screeningMetabolic resistanceCórdoba |
| spellingShingle | María Claudia Atencia-Pineda Javier García-Leal Diana Diaz-Ortiz Paula Pareja-Loaiza Lisandro Pacheco-Lugo Richard Hoyos-López Alfonso Calderón-Rangel Pedro Fragozo-Castilla Selene M. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Adriana E. Flores Ronald Maestre-Serrano Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms Parasites & Vectors Organophosphates Aedes aegypti Susceptibility screening Metabolic resistance Córdoba |
| title | Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms |
| title_full | Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms |
| title_short | Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from northern Colombia and associated resistance mechanisms |
| title_sort | susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides in aedes aegypti diptera culicidae from northern colombia and associated resistance mechanisms |
| topic | Organophosphates Aedes aegypti Susceptibility screening Metabolic resistance Córdoba |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06624-8 |
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