Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations
The evaluation of direct energy inputs and the assessment of the carbon footprint of an agricultural tractor during the execution of an agricultural operation is a complex task. Methodological approaches such as field surveys and life cycle assessments can provide unreliable and non-repeatable resul...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | AgriEngineering |
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| author | Francesco Paciolla Katarzyna Łyp-Wrońska Tommaso Quartarella Simone Pascuzzi |
| author_facet | Francesco Paciolla Katarzyna Łyp-Wrońska Tommaso Quartarella Simone Pascuzzi |
| author_sort | Francesco Paciolla |
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| description | The evaluation of direct energy inputs and the assessment of the carbon footprint of an agricultural tractor during the execution of an agricultural operation is a complex task. Methodological approaches such as field surveys and life cycle assessments can provide unreliable and non-repeatable results. This study exploits the use of numerical simulation to assess the fuel consumption of two agricultural tractors and their CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the execution of pesticide treatment and milling. The digital models of the Landini REX 4-120 GB and the Fendt 942 Vario were developed, starting from experimental data acquired during field tests in which the power required at the power take-off (PTO) by the respective operating machine was measured. Two custom working cycles, simulating the two agricultural operations, have been defined and simulated. The estimated fuel consumption was 7.8 L∙ha<sup>−1</sup> and 23.2 L∙ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for the Landini REX 4-120 GB during pesticide treatment and for the Fendt 942 Vario during milling. The corresponding direct energy inputs required for the two agricultural operations were equal to 300.3 MJ∙ha<sup>−1</sup> and 893.2 MJ∙ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The estimated carbon footprint was 26.5 kg<sub>CO2</sub>∙ha<sup>−1</sup> and 68.4 kg<sub>CO2</sub>∙ha<sup>−1</sup> for pesticide treatment and for milling, respectively. Moreover, considering the operational efficiency of the systems, an analysis of the available mechanical work supplied by the fuel was conducted. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb57bb7fe1394e12a8ffd962350ff670 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2624-7402 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AgriEngineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb57bb7fe1394e12a8ffd962350ff6702025-01-24T13:16:13ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022024-12-0171710.3390/agriengineering7010007Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field OperationsFrancesco Paciolla0Katarzyna Łyp-Wrońska1Tommaso Quartarella2Simone Pascuzzi3Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyFaculty of Management, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, ItalyThe evaluation of direct energy inputs and the assessment of the carbon footprint of an agricultural tractor during the execution of an agricultural operation is a complex task. Methodological approaches such as field surveys and life cycle assessments can provide unreliable and non-repeatable results. This study exploits the use of numerical simulation to assess the fuel consumption of two agricultural tractors and their CO<sub>2</sub> emissions during the execution of pesticide treatment and milling. The digital models of the Landini REX 4-120 GB and the Fendt 942 Vario were developed, starting from experimental data acquired during field tests in which the power required at the power take-off (PTO) by the respective operating machine was measured. Two custom working cycles, simulating the two agricultural operations, have been defined and simulated. The estimated fuel consumption was 7.8 L∙ha<sup>−1</sup> and 23.2 L∙ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for the Landini REX 4-120 GB during pesticide treatment and for the Fendt 942 Vario during milling. The corresponding direct energy inputs required for the two agricultural operations were equal to 300.3 MJ∙ha<sup>−1</sup> and 893.2 MJ∙ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The estimated carbon footprint was 26.5 kg<sub>CO2</sub>∙ha<sup>−1</sup> and 68.4 kg<sub>CO2</sub>∙ha<sup>−1</sup> for pesticide treatment and for milling, respectively. Moreover, considering the operational efficiency of the systems, an analysis of the available mechanical work supplied by the fuel was conducted.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/1/7direct energy inputscarbon footprintfield testsoperating machines digital modelssimulation |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Paciolla Katarzyna Łyp-Wrońska Tommaso Quartarella Simone Pascuzzi Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations AgriEngineering direct energy inputs carbon footprint field tests operating machines digital models simulation |
| title | Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations |
| title_full | Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations |
| title_fullStr | Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations |
| title_short | Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations |
| title_sort | simulation analysis of energy inputs required by agricultural machines to perform field operations |
| topic | direct energy inputs carbon footprint field tests operating machines digital models simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/1/7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescopaciolla simulationanalysisofenergyinputsrequiredbyagriculturalmachinestoperformfieldoperations AT katarzynałypwronska simulationanalysisofenergyinputsrequiredbyagriculturalmachinestoperformfieldoperations AT tommasoquartarella simulationanalysisofenergyinputsrequiredbyagriculturalmachinestoperformfieldoperations AT simonepascuzzi simulationanalysisofenergyinputsrequiredbyagriculturalmachinestoperformfieldoperations |