Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by the PED virus, with <b>genogroup 2</b> (<b>G2</b>), comprising <b>G2a</b> and <b>G2b</b>, being the primary contributors to outbreaks worldwide. In Thailand, <b>G2a</b> was the only virulent stra...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Christopher James Stott Patumporn Jermsutjarit Pornchai Pornpanom Hongyao Lin Angkana Tantituvanont Dachrit Nilubol |
| author_facet | Christopher James Stott Patumporn Jermsutjarit Pornchai Pornpanom Hongyao Lin Angkana Tantituvanont Dachrit Nilubol |
| author_sort | Christopher James Stott |
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| description | Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by the PED virus, with <b>genogroup 2</b> (<b>G2</b>), comprising <b>G2a</b> and <b>G2b</b>, being the primary contributors to outbreaks worldwide. In Thailand, <b>G2a</b> was the only virulent strain identified until the emergence of the first <b>G2b</b> strain in 2014, followed by additional <b>G2b</b> strains in 2015–2016, particularly those closely related to virulent strains from China. This led to increased awareness of more frequent and complex outbreaks. This study examined farms affected by <b>G2a</b> and <b>G2b</b> strains, both employing planned exposure of sows to intestines from <b>G2a</b>-affected piglets, a traditional practice in Thailand. The analysis focused on the milk and colostrum profiles of sows, including viral neutralization and ELISA methods, as well as histopathological assessments of piglet intestinal villi. Additionally, a novel <b>G2b</b> strain was sequenced for phylogenetic and protein structure analyses. The results revealed no significant differences in colostrum and milk profiles between the farms. However, piglets infected with <b>G2b</b> showed significantly more severe intestinal damage. A unique insertion in the protein structure of the novel <b>G2b</b> strain led to the identification of a new epitope and potential changes in viral properties. This study highlights the importance of monitoring emerging strains and provides valuable insights for enhancing preventive strategies and advancing phylogenetic research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cad8c9e55b874c40b38577441095afa2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-cad8c9e55b874c40b38577441095afa22025-01-24T13:18:10ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-01-0115222510.3390/ani15020225Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in ThailandChristopher James Stott0Patumporn Jermsutjarit1Pornchai Pornpanom2Hongyao Lin3Angkana Tantituvanont4Dachrit Nilubol5Akkhararatchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandSwine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandAkkhararatchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandMSD Animal Health Innovation Pte Ltd., Singapore 718847, SingaporeDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandSwine Viral Evolution and Vaccine Development Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandPorcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by the PED virus, with <b>genogroup 2</b> (<b>G2</b>), comprising <b>G2a</b> and <b>G2b</b>, being the primary contributors to outbreaks worldwide. In Thailand, <b>G2a</b> was the only virulent strain identified until the emergence of the first <b>G2b</b> strain in 2014, followed by additional <b>G2b</b> strains in 2015–2016, particularly those closely related to virulent strains from China. This led to increased awareness of more frequent and complex outbreaks. This study examined farms affected by <b>G2a</b> and <b>G2b</b> strains, both employing planned exposure of sows to intestines from <b>G2a</b>-affected piglets, a traditional practice in Thailand. The analysis focused on the milk and colostrum profiles of sows, including viral neutralization and ELISA methods, as well as histopathological assessments of piglet intestinal villi. Additionally, a novel <b>G2b</b> strain was sequenced for phylogenetic and protein structure analyses. The results revealed no significant differences in colostrum and milk profiles between the farms. However, piglets infected with <b>G2b</b> showed significantly more severe intestinal damage. A unique insertion in the protein structure of the novel <b>G2b</b> strain led to the identification of a new epitope and potential changes in viral properties. This study highlights the importance of monitoring emerging strains and provides valuable insights for enhancing preventive strategies and advancing phylogenetic research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/225PEDVcoronavirusswinephylogeneticevolutionMDA |
| spellingShingle | Christopher James Stott Patumporn Jermsutjarit Pornchai Pornpanom Hongyao Lin Angkana Tantituvanont Dachrit Nilubol Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand Animals PEDV coronavirus swine phylogenetic evolution MDA |
| title | Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand |
| title_full | Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand |
| title_short | Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of an Exotic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Its Effect on an Affected Herd Immunized Against the Endemic Strain in Thailand |
| title_sort | detection and phylogenetic analysis of an exotic strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and its effect on an affected herd immunized against the endemic strain in thailand |
| topic | PEDV coronavirus swine phylogenetic evolution MDA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/225 |
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