Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
The genus Graphium within the family Papilionidae comprises several species that exhibit morphological resemblance. Due to this criterion, their identification and discrimination through morphology is notably challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed a length-based morphometric approach to...
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Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Andalas
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Andalasian International Journal of Entomology |
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| Online Access: | https://aijent.lppm.unand.ac.id/index.php/aijent/article/view/2 |
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| author | Noor Azrizal-Wahid Nurinatasya Mohd Noor Noorhidayah Mamat Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin |
| author_facet | Noor Azrizal-Wahid Nurinatasya Mohd Noor Noorhidayah Mamat Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin |
| author_sort | Noor Azrizal-Wahid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus Graphium within the family Papilionidae comprises several species that exhibit morphological resemblance. Due to this criterion, their identification and discrimination through morphology is notably challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed a length-based morphometric approach to reveal the ability of the characters to discriminate the five Graphium species that demonstrates the morphological resemblance; Graphium sarpedon, Graphium bathycles, Graphium doson, Graphium eurypylus, and Graphium evemon. The morphometric measurement of the total of 50 specimens was carried out by using seven characters measured from the wing and body regions. Multivariate statistical analyses such as Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were utilized to assess the discriminatory ability of the morphometric data. While comparing between species, all morphometric characters were significantly different (p < 0.05). The results of DFA showed that two out of seven characters utilized have the lowest values of Partial’s Wilks Lambda; body length (1.165), and forewing length (1.183), therefore are suggested as the two most significant characters for the discrimination of the Graphium species. There are great overlapping patterns between the five species when plotting a scatter plot graph except for G. bathycles that formed nearly distinct group. In Cluster Analysis, G. sarpedon tends to be closer to G. evemon by having the lowest value of agglomeration (0.061). Our findings underscore the potential of length-based morphometric analysis as a supporting quantitative tool for resolving taxonomic ambiguities and enhancing species identification particularly within complex genera such as Graphium. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c9585f9de61545e5bb8f32260fcb437d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3026-2461 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Andalas |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Andalasian International Journal of Entomology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c9585f9de61545e5bb8f32260fcb437d2025-02-01T07:28:33ZengLembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas AndalasAndalasian International Journal of Entomology3026-24612023-10-0110181510.25077/aijent.1.01.8-15.20232Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)Noor Azrizal-Wahid0Nurinatasya Mohd Noor1Noorhidayah Mamat2Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin3Universiti Putra MalaysiaUniversiti Putra MalaysiaUniversiti MalayaUniversiti Putra MalaysiaThe genus Graphium within the family Papilionidae comprises several species that exhibit morphological resemblance. Due to this criterion, their identification and discrimination through morphology is notably challenging. Therefore, in this study, we employed a length-based morphometric approach to reveal the ability of the characters to discriminate the five Graphium species that demonstrates the morphological resemblance; Graphium sarpedon, Graphium bathycles, Graphium doson, Graphium eurypylus, and Graphium evemon. The morphometric measurement of the total of 50 specimens was carried out by using seven characters measured from the wing and body regions. Multivariate statistical analyses such as Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were utilized to assess the discriminatory ability of the morphometric data. While comparing between species, all morphometric characters were significantly different (p < 0.05). The results of DFA showed that two out of seven characters utilized have the lowest values of Partial’s Wilks Lambda; body length (1.165), and forewing length (1.183), therefore are suggested as the two most significant characters for the discrimination of the Graphium species. There are great overlapping patterns between the five species when plotting a scatter plot graph except for G. bathycles that formed nearly distinct group. In Cluster Analysis, G. sarpedon tends to be closer to G. evemon by having the lowest value of agglomeration (0.061). Our findings underscore the potential of length-based morphometric analysis as a supporting quantitative tool for resolving taxonomic ambiguities and enhancing species identification particularly within complex genera such as Graphium.https://aijent.lppm.unand.ac.id/index.php/aijent/article/view/2discriminationgraphiumlength-basedmorphometricmorphological resemblance |
| spellingShingle | Noor Azrizal-Wahid Nurinatasya Mohd Noor Noorhidayah Mamat Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Andalasian International Journal of Entomology discrimination graphium length-based morphometric morphological resemblance |
| title | Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) |
| title_full | Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) |
| title_fullStr | Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) |
| title_short | Length-Based Morphometric Study of the Morphologically Resembling Butterfly Species Within the Genus Graphium (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) |
| title_sort | length based morphometric study of the morphologically resembling butterfly species within the genus graphium lepidoptera papilionidae |
| topic | discrimination graphium length-based morphometric morphological resemblance |
| url | https://aijent.lppm.unand.ac.id/index.php/aijent/article/view/2 |
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