Association Between Urinary Metal Levels and Chronic Kidney Dysfunction in Rural China: A Study on Sex-Specific Differences

Association Between Urinary Metal Levels and Chronic Kidney Dysfunction in Rural China: A Study on Sex-Specific Differences

Background: While current epidemiological studies have documented associations between environmental metals and renal dysfunction, the majority have concentrated on plasma metal levels. The relationship between urinary metal exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains contentious, particularly...

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Main Authors: Kaisheng Teng, Qinyi Guan, Qiumei Liu, Xiaoting Mo, Lei Luo, Jiahui Rong, Tiantian Zhang, Wenjia Jin, Linhai Zhao, Songju Wu, Zhiyong Zhang, Jian Qin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
urinary metal
chronic kidney disease
quantile g-computation
weighted quantile sum
bayesian kernel machine regression
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/55
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