Two- and Three-Dimensional Culture Systems: Respiratory In Vitro Tissue Models for Chemical Screening and Risk-Based Decision Making

Risk of lung damage from inhaled chemicals or substances has long been assessed using animal models. However, New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) that replace, reduce, and/or refine the use of animals in safety testing such as 2D and 3D cultures are increasingly being used to understand human-relevant...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Joanne Wallace, Mary C. McElroy, Mitchell Klausner, Richard Corley, Seyoum Ayehunie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/1/113
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!