Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations
Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are a new observational class of phenomena with no clear physical origin. This is at least partially a consequence of limited multiwavelength follow-up of this class of transients in real time. Here we present deep optical ( g - and i -band) photometry with Keck, and pro...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Dina Ibrahimzade R. Margutti J. S. Bright P. Blanchard K. Paterson D. Lin H. Sears A. Polzin I. Andreoni G. Schroeder K. D. Alexander E. Berger D. L. Coppejans A. Hajela J. Irwin T. Laskar B. D. Metzger J. C. Rastinejad L. Rhodes |
| author_facet | Dina Ibrahimzade R. Margutti J. S. Bright P. Blanchard K. Paterson D. Lin H. Sears A. Polzin I. Andreoni G. Schroeder K. D. Alexander E. Berger D. L. Coppejans A. Hajela J. Irwin T. Laskar B. D. Metzger J. C. Rastinejad L. Rhodes |
| author_sort | Dina Ibrahimzade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are a new observational class of phenomena with no clear physical origin. This is at least partially a consequence of limited multiwavelength follow-up of this class of transients in real time. Here we present deep optical ( g - and i -band) photometry with Keck, and prompt radio observations with the Very Large Array of FXT 210423 obtained at δ t ≈ 14–36 days since the X-ray trigger. We use these multiband observations, combined with publicly available data sets, to constrain the presence and physical properties of on-axis and off-axis relativistic jets such as those that can be launched by neutron star mergers and tidal disruption events, which are among the proposed theoretical scenarios of FXTs. Considering a wide range of possible redshifts z ≤ 3.5, circumstellar medium density n = 10 ^−6 –10 ^−1 cm ^−3 , and isotropic-equivalent jet kinetic energy E _k _,iso = 10 ^48 –10 ^55 erg, we find that we can rule out wide jets with opening angle θ _j = 15° viewed within 10° off-axis. For more collimated jets ( θ _j = 3°) we can only rule out on-axis ( θ _obs = 0°) orientations. This study highlights the constraining power of prompt multiwavelength observations of FXTs discovered in real time by current (e.g., Einstein Probe) and future facilities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4b0ee30e5114347ae33c6aeb35eb77e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4b0ee30e5114347ae33c6aeb35eb77e2025-02-05T17:30:51ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198019210.3847/1538-4357/ad9397Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up ObservationsDina Ibrahimzade0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0782-5028R. Margutti1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-7586J. S. Bright2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-5796P. Blanchard3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-2248K. Paterson4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8340-3486D. Lin5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5683-5339H. Sears6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-4912A. Polzin7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-933XI. Andreoni8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8977-1498G. Schroeder9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-8147K. D. Alexander10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-2473E. Berger11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9681D. L. Coppejans12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-6237A. Hajela13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2349-101XJ. Irwin14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-8521T. Laskar15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1792-2338B. D. Metzger16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-7509J. C. Rastinejad17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-6213L. Rhodes18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-4941Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; dinaevazade@berkeley.eduDepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; dinaevazade@berkeley.edu; Department of Physics, University of California , 366 Physics North MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA ; dinaevazade@berkeley.edu; Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60202, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USAMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Physics, Northeastern University , Boston, MA 02115-5000, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60202, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USAJoint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60202, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USADepartment of Astronomy/Steward Observatory , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Rm. N204, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USACenter for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USADepartment of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Physics, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USACenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60202, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USAAstrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKFast X-ray transients (FXTs) are a new observational class of phenomena with no clear physical origin. This is at least partially a consequence of limited multiwavelength follow-up of this class of transients in real time. Here we present deep optical ( g - and i -band) photometry with Keck, and prompt radio observations with the Very Large Array of FXT 210423 obtained at δ t ≈ 14–36 days since the X-ray trigger. We use these multiband observations, combined with publicly available data sets, to constrain the presence and physical properties of on-axis and off-axis relativistic jets such as those that can be launched by neutron star mergers and tidal disruption events, which are among the proposed theoretical scenarios of FXTs. Considering a wide range of possible redshifts z ≤ 3.5, circumstellar medium density n = 10 ^−6 –10 ^−1 cm ^−3 , and isotropic-equivalent jet kinetic energy E _k _,iso = 10 ^48 –10 ^55 erg, we find that we can rule out wide jets with opening angle θ _j = 15° viewed within 10° off-axis. For more collimated jets ( θ _j = 3°) we can only rule out on-axis ( θ _obs = 0°) orientations. This study highlights the constraining power of prompt multiwavelength observations of FXTs discovered in real time by current (e.g., Einstein Probe) and future facilities.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9397X-ray transient sources |
| spellingShingle | Dina Ibrahimzade R. Margutti J. S. Bright P. Blanchard K. Paterson D. Lin H. Sears A. Polzin I. Andreoni G. Schroeder K. D. Alexander E. Berger D. L. Coppejans A. Hajela J. Irwin T. Laskar B. D. Metzger J. C. Rastinejad L. Rhodes Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations The Astrophysical Journal X-ray transient sources |
| title | Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations |
| title_full | Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations |
| title_fullStr | Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations |
| title_short | Constraints on Relativistic Jets from the Fast X-Ray Transient 210423 Using Prompt Radio Follow-up Observations |
| title_sort | constraints on relativistic jets from the fast x ray transient 210423 using prompt radio follow up observations |
| topic | X-ray transient sources |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9397 |
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