Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions
Great discrepancies are often encountered between the distance fixation and the near-fixation esodeviations and exodeviations. They are all attributed to either anomalies of the AC/A ratio or anomalies of the fusional convergence or divergence amplitudes. We report a case with pseudoconvergence insu...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/680474 |
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| author | Edward Khawam Bachir Abiad Alaa Boughannam Joanna Saade Ramzi Alameddine |
| author_facet | Edward Khawam Bachir Abiad Alaa Boughannam Joanna Saade Ramzi Alameddine |
| author_sort | Edward Khawam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Great discrepancies are often encountered between the distance fixation and the near-fixation esodeviations and exodeviations. They are all attributed to either anomalies of the AC/A ratio or anomalies of the fusional convergence or divergence amplitudes. We report a case with pseudoconvergence insufficiency and another one with pseudoaccommodative convergence excess. In both cases, conv./div. excess and insufficiency were erroneously attributed to anomalies of the AC/A ratio or to anomalies of the fusional amplitudes. Our purpose is to show that numerous factors, other than anomalies in the AC/A ratio or anomalies in the fusional conv. or divergence amplitudes, can contaminate either the distance or the near deviations. This results in significant discrepancies between the distance and the near deviations despite a normal AC/A ratio and normal fusional amplitudes, leading to erroneous diagnoses and inappropriate treatment models. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4039c71f3074833b63ab2119d45df1b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-6722 2090-6730 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4039c71f3074833b63ab2119d45df1b2025-02-03T01:03:29ZengWileyCase Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine2090-67222090-67302015-01-01201510.1155/2015/680474680474Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and FictionsEdward Khawam0Bachir Abiad1Alaa Boughannam2Joanna Saade3Ramzi Alameddine4Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box 113-6044, Beirut, LebanonGreat discrepancies are often encountered between the distance fixation and the near-fixation esodeviations and exodeviations. They are all attributed to either anomalies of the AC/A ratio or anomalies of the fusional convergence or divergence amplitudes. We report a case with pseudoconvergence insufficiency and another one with pseudoaccommodative convergence excess. In both cases, conv./div. excess and insufficiency were erroneously attributed to anomalies of the AC/A ratio or to anomalies of the fusional amplitudes. Our purpose is to show that numerous factors, other than anomalies in the AC/A ratio or anomalies in the fusional conv. or divergence amplitudes, can contaminate either the distance or the near deviations. This results in significant discrepancies between the distance and the near deviations despite a normal AC/A ratio and normal fusional amplitudes, leading to erroneous diagnoses and inappropriate treatment models.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/680474 |
| spellingShingle | Edward Khawam Bachir Abiad Alaa Boughannam Joanna Saade Ramzi Alameddine Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine |
| title | Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions |
| title_full | Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions |
| title_fullStr | Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions |
| title_short | Convergence Insufficiency/Divergence Insufficiency Convergence Excess/Divergence Excess: Some Facts and Fictions |
| title_sort | convergence insufficiency divergence insufficiency convergence excess divergence excess some facts and fictions |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/680474 |
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