Stress wave propagation and crushing mechanism of soft-hard composite coal under water-jet impact load

Abstract Composite coal seams have the characteristics of large differences in coal quality, difficulty in coalbed methane extraction, and poor permeability. In this work, the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is employed to simulate the crushing process of composite coal impacted by water...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xinwang Li, Rongyuan Wu, Lichao Cheng, Yifei Qi, Hanqing Wang, Pengfei Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07425-4
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