Combined anti-PD-L1 and anti-VEGFR2 therapy promotes the antitumor immune response in GBM by reprogramming tumor microenvironment

Abstract Inhibitors of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are commonly used in the clinic, but they are beneficial for only a minority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. GBM has significant immunosuppressive properties, and there...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lin Yao, Hao Wang, Yongsheng Liu, Ming Feng, Yanyan Li, Zuopeng Su, Wen Li, Yun Xiong, Heyang Gao, Youxin Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:Cell Death Discovery
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-025-02427-7
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