Review of the Color Gradient Lattice Boltzmann Method for Simulating Multi-Phase Flow in Porous Media: Viscosity, Gradient Calculation, and Fluid Acceleration
The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is widely applied to model the pore-scale two-phase flow of immiscible fluids through porous media, and one common variant of the LBM is the color gradient method (CGM). However, in the literature, many competing algorithms have been proposed for accomplishing diff...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/5/128 |
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| Summary: | The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is widely applied to model the pore-scale two-phase flow of immiscible fluids through porous media, and one common variant of the LBM is the color gradient method (CGM). However, in the literature, many competing algorithms have been proposed for accomplishing different steps in the CGM. Therefore, this paper is the first in a series that aims to critically review and evaluate different algorithms and methodologies that have been proposed for use in the CGM. Specifically, in this paper, we (1) provide a brief introduction to the LBM and CGM that enables and facilitates consideration of more sophisticated topics subsequently; (2) compare three methods for modeling the behavior of fluids of moderately different viscosities; (3) compare two methods for calculating the color gradient; and (4) compare two methods for modeling external forces or accelerations acting upon the fluids of interest. These topics are selected for the first paper in the series because proper selection of these algorithms is necessary and sufficient to perform two common “benchmark” simulations, namely bubble tests and layered Poiseuille flow. Future papers in the series will build upon these topics, considering more challenging conditions or phenomena. By systematically reviewing key aspects, features, capabilities, and limitations of the CGM, this series of papers will extend our collective ability to apply the method to a variety of important fluid flow problems in geosciences and engineering. |
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| ISSN: | 2311-5521 |