Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.)
Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) is used as a cover crop because of the weed suppression potential of its mulch. To gain insight into the more effective use of rye as a cover crop we assessed changes in benzoxazinone (BX) levels in rye shoot tissue over the growing season. Four rye varieties were plan...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Agronomy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6463826 |
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| author | C. La Hovary D. A. Danehower G. Ma C. Reberg-Horton J. D. Williamson S. R. Baerson J. D. Burton |
| author_facet | C. La Hovary D. A. Danehower G. Ma C. Reberg-Horton J. D. Williamson S. R. Baerson J. D. Burton |
| author_sort | C. La Hovary |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) is used as a cover crop because of the weed suppression potential of its mulch. To gain insight into the more effective use of rye as a cover crop we assessed changes in benzoxazinone (BX) levels in rye shoot tissue over the growing season. Four rye varieties were planted in the fall and samples harvested at intervals the following spring. Two different measures of phytotoxic compound content were taken. Seed germination bioassays were used as an estimate of total phytotoxic potential. Dilutions of shoot extracts were tested using two indicator species to compare the relative toxicity of tissue. In addition, BX (DIBOA, DIBOA-glycoside, and BOA) levels were directly determined using gas chromatography. Results showed that rye tissue harvested in March was the most toxic to indicator species, with toxicity decreasing thereafter. Likewise the BX concentration in rye shoot tissue increased early in the season and then decreased over time. Thus, phytotoxicity measured by bioassay and BX levels measured by GC have a similar but not identical temporal profile. The observed decrease in phytotoxic potential and plant BX levels in rye later in the season appears to correlate with the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c048987b4d77407ab5f6f6cb1d600aa0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8159 1687-8167 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c048987b4d77407ab5f6f6cb1d600aa02025-02-03T06:14:14ZengWileyInternational Journal of Agronomy1687-81591687-81672016-01-01201610.1155/2016/64638266463826Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.)C. La Hovary0D. A. Danehower1G. Ma2C. Reberg-Horton3J. D. Williamson4S. R. Baerson5J. D. Burton6Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAAvoca, Inc., P.O. Box 129, 841 Avoca Farm Road, Merry Hill, NC 27957, USADepartment of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAUSDA-ARS, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USADepartment of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAWinter rye (Secale cereale L.) is used as a cover crop because of the weed suppression potential of its mulch. To gain insight into the more effective use of rye as a cover crop we assessed changes in benzoxazinone (BX) levels in rye shoot tissue over the growing season. Four rye varieties were planted in the fall and samples harvested at intervals the following spring. Two different measures of phytotoxic compound content were taken. Seed germination bioassays were used as an estimate of total phytotoxic potential. Dilutions of shoot extracts were tested using two indicator species to compare the relative toxicity of tissue. In addition, BX (DIBOA, DIBOA-glycoside, and BOA) levels were directly determined using gas chromatography. Results showed that rye tissue harvested in March was the most toxic to indicator species, with toxicity decreasing thereafter. Likewise the BX concentration in rye shoot tissue increased early in the season and then decreased over time. Thus, phytotoxicity measured by bioassay and BX levels measured by GC have a similar but not identical temporal profile. The observed decrease in phytotoxic potential and plant BX levels in rye later in the season appears to correlate with the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6463826 |
| spellingShingle | C. La Hovary D. A. Danehower G. Ma C. Reberg-Horton J. D. Williamson S. R. Baerson J. D. Burton Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) International Journal of Agronomy |
| title | Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) |
| title_full | Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) |
| title_fullStr | Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) |
| title_short | Phytotoxicity and Benzoxazinone Concentration in Field Grown Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) |
| title_sort | phytotoxicity and benzoxazinone concentration in field grown cereal rye secale cereale l |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6463826 |
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