Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Aim. We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment. Methods. Enrolled were 70 T2D...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9961612 |
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| author | Manabu Midorikawa Hiroaki Suzuki Yasuhiro Suzuki Kazuyoshi Yamauchi Hiroyuki Sato Kiyotaka Nemoto Yoko Sugano Hitoshi Iwasaki Motohiro Sekiya Shigeru Yatoh Naoya Yahagi Yasushi Hada Tetsuaki Arai Hitoshi Shimano |
| author_facet | Manabu Midorikawa Hiroaki Suzuki Yasuhiro Suzuki Kazuyoshi Yamauchi Hiroyuki Sato Kiyotaka Nemoto Yoko Sugano Hitoshi Iwasaki Motohiro Sekiya Shigeru Yatoh Naoya Yahagi Yasushi Hada Tetsuaki Arai Hitoshi Shimano |
| author_sort | Manabu Midorikawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aim. We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment. Methods. Enrolled were 70 T2D patients (age 40 to <65 y) and 81 age-matched control participants without diabetes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS), and Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results. Odor identification was an independent determinant shown in the results of the TMT-A in the entire participant group and was independently associated with the MoCA and TMT-B in the T2D group. Balance capability assessed with a stabilometer was independently associated with all cognitive function tests except for QISD and SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group and was independently associated with TMT-A in the control group. Knee extension strength was independently associated with the SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group. Conclusions. Odor identification, balance capability, and knee extension strength were potential markers for cognitive decline in middle-aged persons with T2D. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bd1e6bc688e04674924b50dcf7b36c83 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-6745 2314-6753 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Diabetes Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-bd1e6bc688e04674924b50dcf7b36c832025-02-03T01:25:07ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67452314-67532021-01-01202110.1155/2021/99616129961612Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 DiabetesManabu Midorikawa0Hiroaki Suzuki1Yasuhiro Suzuki2Kazuyoshi Yamauchi3Hiroyuki Sato4Kiyotaka Nemoto5Yoko Sugano6Hitoshi Iwasaki7Motohiro Sekiya8Shigeru Yatoh9Naoya Yahagi10Yasushi Hada11Tetsuaki Arai12Hitoshi Shimano13Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8596, JapanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDoctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, JapanAim. We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment. Methods. Enrolled were 70 T2D patients (age 40 to <65 y) and 81 age-matched control participants without diabetes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS), and Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results. Odor identification was an independent determinant shown in the results of the TMT-A in the entire participant group and was independently associated with the MoCA and TMT-B in the T2D group. Balance capability assessed with a stabilometer was independently associated with all cognitive function tests except for QISD and SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group and was independently associated with TMT-A in the control group. Knee extension strength was independently associated with the SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group. Conclusions. Odor identification, balance capability, and knee extension strength were potential markers for cognitive decline in middle-aged persons with T2D.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9961612 |
| spellingShingle | Manabu Midorikawa Hiroaki Suzuki Yasuhiro Suzuki Kazuyoshi Yamauchi Hiroyuki Sato Kiyotaka Nemoto Yoko Sugano Hitoshi Iwasaki Motohiro Sekiya Shigeru Yatoh Naoya Yahagi Yasushi Hada Tetsuaki Arai Hitoshi Shimano Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes Journal of Diabetes Research |
| title | Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full | Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short | Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort | relationships between cognitive function and odor identification balance capability and muscle strength in middle aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9961612 |
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