Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater
Phenolic compounds are harmful organic pollutants found in wastewater from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which are frequently accompanied by high saline concentrations. Microorganism-based biodegradation represents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy for phenol remo...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Tao Zhang Rongkai Guo Fanshu Liu Lei Zhang Linxiao Li Rongfei Zhang Chaogang Shao Junbo Zhou Fan Ding Lan Yu |
| author_facet | Tao Zhang Rongkai Guo Fanshu Liu Lei Zhang Linxiao Li Rongfei Zhang Chaogang Shao Junbo Zhou Fan Ding Lan Yu |
| author_sort | Tao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenolic compounds are harmful organic pollutants found in wastewater from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which are frequently accompanied by high saline concentrations. Microorganism-based biodegradation represents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy for phenol removal. In this study, we isolated a bioflocculant-producing <i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> BL-1 that is capable of phenol degradation in high-salinity conditions. Differential gene expression analysis revealed the down-regulation of genes related to the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances and the up-regulation of poly-γ-glutamate biosynthesis in 10% NaCl conditions. These findings indicate that poly-γ-glutamate is the main large biomolecule produced by <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> BL-1. A further investigation suggested that salinity stress resulted in the down-regulated expression of the genes involved in iron homeostasis. Therefore, alleviating iron limitation by supplying excess iron could improve cell growth and, thus, increase the phenol removal rate and flocculating activity. The productivity of poly-γ-glutamate reached 2.23 g/L, and the phenol removal rate reached 73.83% in the synthetic medium supplemented with 10% NaCl, 500 mg/L phenol, and 250 μM FeCl<sub>3</sub>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc07d81bb2ae4c8b891623fe20aa6f2c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc07d81bb2ae4c8b891623fe20aa6f2c2025-01-24T13:41:46ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-01-011612310.3390/microbiolres16010023Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline WastewaterTao Zhang0Rongkai Guo1Fanshu Liu2Lei Zhang3Linxiao Li4Rongfei Zhang5Chaogang Shao6Junbo Zhou7Fan Ding8Lan Yu9College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaSchool of Life and Health Sciences, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaFaculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, ChinaPhenolic compounds are harmful organic pollutants found in wastewater from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which are frequently accompanied by high saline concentrations. Microorganism-based biodegradation represents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategy for phenol removal. In this study, we isolated a bioflocculant-producing <i>Bacillus paralicheniformis</i> BL-1 that is capable of phenol degradation in high-salinity conditions. Differential gene expression analysis revealed the down-regulation of genes related to the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances and the up-regulation of poly-γ-glutamate biosynthesis in 10% NaCl conditions. These findings indicate that poly-γ-glutamate is the main large biomolecule produced by <i>B. paralicheniformis</i> BL-1. A further investigation suggested that salinity stress resulted in the down-regulated expression of the genes involved in iron homeostasis. Therefore, alleviating iron limitation by supplying excess iron could improve cell growth and, thus, increase the phenol removal rate and flocculating activity. The productivity of poly-γ-glutamate reached 2.23 g/L, and the phenol removal rate reached 73.83% in the synthetic medium supplemented with 10% NaCl, 500 mg/L phenol, and 250 μM FeCl<sub>3</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/1/23<i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i>phenol degradationpoly-γ-glutamatebioflocculant |
| spellingShingle | Tao Zhang Rongkai Guo Fanshu Liu Lei Zhang Linxiao Li Rongfei Zhang Chaogang Shao Junbo Zhou Fan Ding Lan Yu Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater Microbiology Research <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> phenol degradation poly-γ-glutamate bioflocculant |
| title | Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater |
| title_full | Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater |
| title_short | Isolation of <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> BL-1 and Its Potential Application in Producing Bioflocculants Using Phenol Saline Wastewater |
| title_sort | isolation of i bacillus paralichenifromis i bl 1 and its potential application in producing bioflocculants using phenol saline wastewater |
| topic | <i>Bacillus paralichenifromis</i> phenol degradation poly-γ-glutamate bioflocculant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/1/23 |
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