In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms
Abstract Ganoderma mushrooms have a variety of pharmacological activities and may have antitumor effects. Therefore, the antitumor activity of the methanolic fruiting body extracts of three Ganoderma spp. will be evaluated by estimating cell viability, cell cycle parameters and the mode of cellular...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86162-0 |
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| author | Elshahat A. Toson Amira A. El-Fallal Marwa A. Oransa Hoda M. El-Gharabawy |
| author_facet | Elshahat A. Toson Amira A. El-Fallal Marwa A. Oransa Hoda M. El-Gharabawy |
| author_sort | Elshahat A. Toson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ganoderma mushrooms have a variety of pharmacological activities and may have antitumor effects. Therefore, the antitumor activity of the methanolic fruiting body extracts of three Ganoderma spp. will be evaluated by estimating cell viability, cell cycle parameters and the mode of cellular death. In this regard, Sulfo-rhodamine B staining and flow cytometry were used. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast ductal carcinoma (T-47D) cell lines were used as cancer models, while mouse normal liver (BNL) and oral epithelial cell (OEC) lines were used as respective controls. The results revealed that Ganoderma resinaceum extract decreased the viability of BNL at an IC50 > 100 µg/mL but not that of HepG2 at an IC50 of 72.32 µg/mL. Additionally, Ganoderma australe and Ganoderma mbrekobenum decreased the viability of OEC cell line at an IC50 of 328.29 and 271.56 µg/ mL, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 of T-47D were 221.95 and 236.45 µg/mL, respectively. The three extracts arrested the cell life cycle at the G1 phase in each case. G. resinaceum extract stimulated total apoptosis (Q2 + Q4) of 19.99% with low necrosis (Q1). However, the percentages of total cell necrosis in the T-47D cell line treated with the other two extracts were 31.10% and 18.28%, respectively while the percentages of total cell apoptosis were 6.83% and 1.78%, respectively. Thus, G. resinaceum significantly inhibited the viability of the HepG2 cell line, while both the G. australe and G. mbrekobenum extracts significantly decreased the viability of the T-47D cell line. These results may encourage speculation about their possible use for the therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma and breast ductal carcinoma after further investigation. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbc1e11e86ff48148b07b03edbdec56b2025-01-19T12:19:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-86162-0In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushroomsElshahat A. Toson0Amira A. El-Fallal1Marwa A. Oransa2Hoda M. El-Gharabawy3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta UniversityAbstract Ganoderma mushrooms have a variety of pharmacological activities and may have antitumor effects. Therefore, the antitumor activity of the methanolic fruiting body extracts of three Ganoderma spp. will be evaluated by estimating cell viability, cell cycle parameters and the mode of cellular death. In this regard, Sulfo-rhodamine B staining and flow cytometry were used. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast ductal carcinoma (T-47D) cell lines were used as cancer models, while mouse normal liver (BNL) and oral epithelial cell (OEC) lines were used as respective controls. The results revealed that Ganoderma resinaceum extract decreased the viability of BNL at an IC50 > 100 µg/mL but not that of HepG2 at an IC50 of 72.32 µg/mL. Additionally, Ganoderma australe and Ganoderma mbrekobenum decreased the viability of OEC cell line at an IC50 of 328.29 and 271.56 µg/ mL, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 of T-47D were 221.95 and 236.45 µg/mL, respectively. The three extracts arrested the cell life cycle at the G1 phase in each case. G. resinaceum extract stimulated total apoptosis (Q2 + Q4) of 19.99% with low necrosis (Q1). However, the percentages of total cell necrosis in the T-47D cell line treated with the other two extracts were 31.10% and 18.28%, respectively while the percentages of total cell apoptosis were 6.83% and 1.78%, respectively. Thus, G. resinaceum significantly inhibited the viability of the HepG2 cell line, while both the G. australe and G. mbrekobenum extracts significantly decreased the viability of the T-47D cell line. These results may encourage speculation about their possible use for the therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma and breast ductal carcinoma after further investigation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86162-0Ganoderma spp.Breast cancerLiver cancerCell line viabilityApoptosisNecrosis |
| spellingShingle | Elshahat A. Toson Amira A. El-Fallal Marwa A. Oransa Hoda M. El-Gharabawy In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms Scientific Reports Ganoderma spp. Breast cancer Liver cancer Cell line viability Apoptosis Necrosis |
| title | In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms |
| title_full | In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms |
| title_fullStr | In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms |
| title_short | In vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three Ganoderema mushrooms |
| title_sort | in vitro antitumor effects of methanolic extracts of three ganoderema mushrooms |
| topic | Ganoderma spp. Breast cancer Liver cancer Cell line viability Apoptosis Necrosis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86162-0 |
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