The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for post-transcriptional gene silencing. However, the siRNA guide strand may bind unintended off-target transcripts via partial sequence complementarity by a mechanism closely mirroring micro RNA (miRNA) silencing. To better understand these off-target effe...

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Main Authors: Piotr J Kamola, Yuko Nakano, Tomoko Takahashi, Paul A Wilson, Kumiko Ui-Tei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2015-12-01
Series:PLoS Computational Biology
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004656&type=printable
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author Piotr J Kamola
Yuko Nakano
Tomoko Takahashi
Paul A Wilson
Kumiko Ui-Tei
author_facet Piotr J Kamola
Yuko Nakano
Tomoko Takahashi
Paul A Wilson
Kumiko Ui-Tei
author_sort Piotr J Kamola
collection DOAJ
description RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for post-transcriptional gene silencing. However, the siRNA guide strand may bind unintended off-target transcripts via partial sequence complementarity by a mechanism closely mirroring micro RNA (miRNA) silencing. To better understand these off-target effects, we investigated the correlation between sequence features within various subsections of siRNA guide strands, and its corresponding target sequences, with off-target activities. Our results confirm previous reports that strength of base-pairing in the siRNA seed region is the primary factor determining the efficiency of off-target silencing. However, the degree of downregulation of off-target transcripts with shared seed sequence is not necessarily similar, suggesting that there are additional auxiliary factors that influence the silencing potential. Here, we demonstrate that both the melting temperature (Tm) in a subsection of siRNA non-seed region, and the GC contents of its corresponding target sequences, are negatively correlated with the efficiency of off-target effect. Analysis of experimentally validated miRNA targets demonstrated a similar trend, indicating a putative conserved mechanistic feature of seed region-dependent targeting mechanism. These observations may prove useful as parameters for off-target prediction algorithms and improve siRNA 'specificity' design rules.
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spelling doaj-art-b8ff598165424ab9a4b15e47d523d88c2025-08-20T03:10:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Computational Biology1553-734X1553-73582015-12-011112e100465610.1371/journal.pcbi.1004656The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.Piotr J KamolaYuko NakanoTomoko TakahashiPaul A WilsonKumiko Ui-TeiRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for post-transcriptional gene silencing. However, the siRNA guide strand may bind unintended off-target transcripts via partial sequence complementarity by a mechanism closely mirroring micro RNA (miRNA) silencing. To better understand these off-target effects, we investigated the correlation between sequence features within various subsections of siRNA guide strands, and its corresponding target sequences, with off-target activities. Our results confirm previous reports that strength of base-pairing in the siRNA seed region is the primary factor determining the efficiency of off-target silencing. However, the degree of downregulation of off-target transcripts with shared seed sequence is not necessarily similar, suggesting that there are additional auxiliary factors that influence the silencing potential. Here, we demonstrate that both the melting temperature (Tm) in a subsection of siRNA non-seed region, and the GC contents of its corresponding target sequences, are negatively correlated with the efficiency of off-target effect. Analysis of experimentally validated miRNA targets demonstrated a similar trend, indicating a putative conserved mechanistic feature of seed region-dependent targeting mechanism. These observations may prove useful as parameters for off-target prediction algorithms and improve siRNA 'specificity' design rules.https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004656&type=printable
spellingShingle Piotr J Kamola
Yuko Nakano
Tomoko Takahashi
Paul A Wilson
Kumiko Ui-Tei
The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.
PLoS Computational Biology
title The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.
title_full The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.
title_fullStr The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.
title_full_unstemmed The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.
title_short The siRNA Non-seed Region and Its Target Sequences Are Auxiliary Determinants of Off-Target Effects.
title_sort sirna non seed region and its target sequences are auxiliary determinants of off target effects
url https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004656&type=printable
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