Optimal Design and Operation of an Ultrasonic Driving System for Algae Removal Considering Underwater Environment Load

This study investigates the optimal design and operation of an underwater ultrasonic system for algae removal, focusing on the electromechanical load of Langevin-type piezoelectric transducers. These piezoelectric transducers, which operate in underwater environments, exhibit variations in electrica...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Changdae Joo, Taekue Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/2/542
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