BTEX-K Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Regulating the NF-κB and PPAR-γ Signaling Pathways in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Mice

BTEX-K Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Regulating the NF-κB and PPAR-γ Signaling Pathways in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Mice

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Degenerative arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by tissue degradation and vascular fibrosis. Macrophages play a central role in the inflammatory response by releasing mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis fac...

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Main Authors: Joonpyo Hong, Jin-Ho Lee, Ga Young Lee, Jin-Hwan Oh, Hana Lee, Han Sung Kim, Tack-Joong Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
dried red ginseng
BTEX-K
pro-inflammatory cytokines
nitric oxide
MAPK pathway
chronic inflammation
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/7/1524
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